Characterization of FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) Grades for Hip Dysplasia in Five Dog Breeds
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Population
3.2. Main Differences in the Evolution of the Radiographic Parameters among FCI Grades within Each Breed
3.3. Main Findings Recorded for Each FCI Grade in the Various Breeds
3.3.1. FCI-A
3.3.2. FCI-B
3.3.3. FCI-C
4. Discussion
4.1. Labrador Retrievers
4.2. Golden Retrievers
4.3. German Shepherd Dogs
4.4. Bernese Mountain Dogs
4.5. Rottweilers
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
AD—acetabular depth |
CAM—cranial acetabular margin |
CLAR—craniolateral acetabular rim |
AOst—acetabular osteophytes |
SFH—spherical femoral head |
CFH—collar femoral head |
DFH—deformed femoral head |
PFH—position of the femoral head |
FHC/DAR—femoral head center/dorsal acetabular rim |
TFN—thin femoral neck |
IFN—identifiable femoral neck |
CFN—contours of the femoral neck |
FNOst—femoral neck osteophytes |
MoFN—Morgan line in the femoral neck |
JS—joint space |
NA—Norberg angle |
References
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Breeds (n. Dogs) | n. Hips | FCI Grades n. Hips | Sex | Age (mo) | Weight (kg) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | Male n. (%) | Female n. (%) | Median | Range (Min–Max) | 95% CI | Median | Range (Min–Max) | 95% CI | ||
LR (90) | 180 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 39 (43.3) | 51 (56.7) | 14 a | 12–68 | 13–15 | 29 a | 4–44 | 28–30 |
GR (90) | 180 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 49 (54.4) | 41 (45.6) | 13 b | 12–96 | 12–16 | 31 b | 25–44 | 30–32 |
GSd (90) | 180 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 45 (50.0) | 45 (50.0) | 13 b | 12–81 | 12–14 | 32 b | 23–50 | 30–33 |
BMd (81) | 162 | 60 | 60 | 42 | 40 (49.4) | 41 (50.6) | 18 b | 15–58 | 17–20 | 42 c | 30–57 | 40–45 |
ROTT (71) | 142 | 60 | 54 | 28 | 27 (38.0) | 44 (62.0) | 18 a | 15–62 | 17–19 | 42 c | 30–59 | 40–46 |
Anatomical Locations | Radiographic Parameters | Breeds | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LR | GR | GSd | BMd | ROTT | ||
Acetabulum | AD | - | - | - | AB p = 0.48 | AB p = 0.43 |
CAM | - | - | - | - | - | |
CLAR | - | - | - | - | - | |
Aost | na | na | na | BC p = 0.38 | na | |
Femoral head (FH) | SFH | - | - | - | BC p = 0.23 | - |
CFH | na | na | na | BC p = 0.78 | - | |
DFH | na | na | na | na | na | |
Position of the femoral head in the acetabulum | PFH | - | - | - | - | - |
FHC/DAR | - | - | - | - | - | |
Femoral neck (FN) | TFN | BC p = 0.90 | BC p = 0.21 | - | - | - |
IFN | BC p = 0.35 | - | - | BC p = 0.10 | BC p = 0.21 | |
CFN | BC p = 0.06 | - | - | BC p = 0.67 | - | |
FNOst | na | na | na | BC p = 0.20 | na | |
MoFN | - | - | AB p = 0.21 | BC p = 0.20 | - | |
Others | JS | - | - | - | - | - |
NA | AB p = 0.48 | - | - | - | AB p = 0.43 |
Breeds | GR | GSd | BMd | ROTT |
---|---|---|---|---|
LR | AD (C) | CAM (B, C) | AD (B, C) SFH (C) CFH (C) FHC/DAR (A, B) NA (B) | AD (B) CAM (B, C) CLAR (A, B, C) CFH (C) FHC/DAR (A, B, C) IFN (C) |
CAM (B, C) | CLAR (C) | |||
SFH (B) | SFH (B) | |||
PFH (B) | PFH (C) | |||
FHC/DAR (A) | FHC/DAR (C) | |||
TFN (C) | JS (C) | |||
NA (B) | NA (B) | |||
GR | AD (C) CAM (C) CLAR (C) PFH (B) FHC/DAR (C) JC (C) | SFH (B, C) PFH (B) | CLAR (A, B, C) PFH (B, C) FHC/DAR (B, C) Aost (C) FNOst (C) JS (A) NA (B) | |
GSd | AD (B, C) | AD (B) | ||
CAM (C) | CLAR (A, B, C) | |||
CLAR (C) | CHF (C) | |||
SFH (B, C) | FHC/DAR (A) | |||
CFH (C) | TFN (B) | |||
PFH (C) | JS (A) | |||
JS (C) | NA (B) | |||
BMd | AD (C) CAM (C) CLAR (A, B) SFH (C) PFH (C) JS (A) NA (B) |
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Pinna, S.; Vezzoni, A.; Di Benedetto, M.; Lambertini, C.; Tassani, C. Characterization of FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) Grades for Hip Dysplasia in Five Dog Breeds. Animals 2023, 13, 2212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132212
Pinna S, Vezzoni A, Di Benedetto M, Lambertini C, Tassani C. Characterization of FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) Grades for Hip Dysplasia in Five Dog Breeds. Animals. 2023; 13(13):2212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132212
Chicago/Turabian StylePinna, Stefania, Aldo Vezzoni, Matteo Di Benedetto, Carlotta Lambertini, and Chiara Tassani. 2023. "Characterization of FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) Grades for Hip Dysplasia in Five Dog Breeds" Animals 13, no. 13: 2212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132212