Haemodynamic Effects of Pimobendan during General Anaesthesia in Healthy Senior Dogs: A Prospective, Randomised, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Triple-Blind Study Design
2.4. Anaesthetic Protocol
2.5. Monitoring
2.6. Data Collection
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data
3.2. Haemodynamics Parameters
3.3. Adverse Reactions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PLACEBO (N = 15) | PIMOBENDAN (N = 18) | Overall (N = 33) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 9.00 [7.00, 12.0] | 9.00 [7.00, 12.0] | 9.00 [7.00, 12.0] | 0.2 |
Weight | 9.50 [5.00, 25.0] | 11.5 [5.00, 25.0] | 11.0 [5.00, 25.0] | 0.8 |
ASA | ||||
1 | 5 (33.3%) | 2 (11.1%) | 7 (21.2%) | 0.12 |
2 | 10 (66.7%) | 16 (88.9%) | 26 (78.8%) |
VARIABLE (Units) | Group | Time | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |||
HR (bpm) | PLACEBO | 74 [49, 138] | 72 [48, 132] | 72. [50, 133] | 63 [51, 128] | p = 0.12 |
PIMOBENDAN | 86 [45, 102] | 82 [43, 99] | 78 [48, 110] | 77 [48, 110] | ||
MAP (mmHg) | PLACEBO | 86 [65, 138] | 90 [64, 133] | 88 [65, 141] | 80 [59, 137] | p = 0.19 |
PIMOBENDAN | 83 [65, 156] | 83 [60, 151] | 80 [62, 143] | 80 [74, 94] | ||
VTI (cm) | PLACEBO | 10.6 [5.00, 15.9] | 10.0 [4.60, 16.6] | 9.80 [5.20, 14.7] | 10.5 [6.50, 17.4] | p = 0.019 |
PIMOBENDAN | 10.9 [4.10, 18.8] | 11.1 [4.90, 20.8] | 12.4 [6.60, 21.1] | 13.0 [10.4, 22.3] | ||
PV (cm/s) | PLACEBO | 82 [47, 120] | 83 [44, 123] | 70 [61, 108] | 80 [62, 103] | p < 0.0001 |
PIMOBENDAN | 88 [42, 141] | 92 [48, 151] | 101 [59, 156] | 95 [83, 160] | ||
MA (cm/s2) | PLACEBO | 9.7 [6.4, 18.5] | 9.0 [6.7, 18.8] | 9.9 [6.3, 15.6] | 10.2 [7.0, 16.0] | p < 0.0001 |
PIMOBENDAN | 11.5 [6.3, 16.1] | 12.0 [6.6, 19.0] | 12.2 [8.3, 20.2] | 12.6 [9.4, 17.0] | ||
MD (cm) | PLACEBO | 774 [285, 1150] | 792 [253, 1090] | 778 [286, 1120] | 831 [332, 1010] | p = 0.65 |
PIMOBENDAN | 823 [362, 1790] | 785 [357, 2000] | 969 [461, 1770] | 1030 [499, 1870] | ||
PE’CO2 (mmHg) | PLACEBO | 39 [35, 41] | 39 [35, 44] | 39 [36, 43] | 40 [36, 42] | p = 0.23 |
PIMOBENDAN | 40 [35, 41] | 40 [35, 42] | 40 [35, 43] | 40 [35, 41] | ||
FeISO (%) | PLACEBO | 1.1 [1.0, 1.4] | 1.1 [0.9, 1.4] | 1.1 [0.9, 1.8] | 1.1 [0.9, 1.4] | p = 0.08 |
PIMOBENDAN | 1.1 [0.7, 1.4] | 1.0 [0.7, 1.4] | 1.1 [0.7, 1.4] | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] |
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Sández, I.; Redondo, J.I.; Donati, P.A.; Gómez, J. Haemodynamic Effects of Pimobendan during General Anaesthesia in Healthy Senior Dogs: A Prospective, Randomised, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study. Animals 2023, 13, 2110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132110
Sández I, Redondo JI, Donati PA, Gómez J. Haemodynamic Effects of Pimobendan during General Anaesthesia in Healthy Senior Dogs: A Prospective, Randomised, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study. Animals. 2023; 13(13):2110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132110
Chicago/Turabian StyleSández, Ignacio, José I. Redondo, Pablo A. Donati, and José Gómez. 2023. "Haemodynamic Effects of Pimobendan during General Anaesthesia in Healthy Senior Dogs: A Prospective, Randomised, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study" Animals 13, no. 13: 2110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132110