Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-Glycosides on the Farrowing Process and Piglet Vitality in a Free Farrowing System
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Issues
2.2. Animals and Housing Conditions
2.3. Parameters Evaluated
2.3.1. Sows and Farrowing Traits
2.3.2. Piglets Traits
2.4. Experimental Design
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Sow and Farrowing Traits
3.2. Piglets Traits
3.3. Further Statistical Models of the Two Treatment Groups (1,25-vitD vs. C) on the Sow and Piglets Traits
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Control (%) | 1,25-vitD (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Fecal score | |||
0 | 7.3 | 2.1 | 0.90 |
2 | 34.2 | 41.7 | |
3 | 56.1 | 56.2 | |
4 | 2.4 | 0.0 | |
Body condition score | 0.39 | ||
2 | 4.9 | 2.1 | |
3 | 46.3 | 60.4 | |
4 | 48.8 | 37.5 | |
Backfat thickness * | 14.8 ± 4.3 | 15.4 ± 4.0 | 0.51 |
Farrowing Traits | Control | 1,25-vitD | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Piglet interval (min) * | 19.5 ± 10.4 | 17.9 ± 7.0 | 0.72 |
Total farrowing duration (min) * | 586 ± 304 | 494 ± 220 | 0.17 |
Piglet expulsion duration (min) * | 248 ± 114 | 253 ± 101 | 0.84 |
Placenta expulsion duration (min) * | 407 ± 292 | 328 ± 186 | 0.38 |
First piglet–first placenta (min) * | 179 ± 68 | 181 ± 75 | 0.99 |
Last piglet–last placenta (min) * | 338 ± 281 | 253 ± 180 | 0.24 |
Last piglet–first placenta (min) * | −69 ± 106 | −72 ± 76 | 0.86 |
Obstetrical intervention conducted | 58.5% | 43.8% | 0.16 |
Piglet Traits | Control | 1,25-vitD | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Total born piglets | 16 (4; 23) | 16 (5; 26) | 0.30 |
Live born piglets | 15 (4; 22) | 15 (5; 24) | 0.68 |
Stillborn piglets type 1 | 0 (0, 1) ** | 0 (0, 3) ** | 0.01 ** |
Stillborn piglets type 2 | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 7) | 0.47 |
Litter weight * | 22.1 ± 5.0 | 21.1 ± 4.5 | 0.35 |
Individual pig weight * | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.16 |
Placenta weight * | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 1.2 | 0.39 |
Intact umbilical cord (%) | 85.8 | 88.5 | 0.30 |
Ruptured umbilical cord (%) | 14.2 | 11.5 | |
Long umbilical cord (%) | 96.9 | 94.2 | 0.07 |
Short umbilical cord (%) | 3.1 | 5.8 | |
Meconium staining score 1 (%) | 64.4 | 70.4 | 0.28 |
Meconium staining score 2 (%) | 29.8 | 25.3 | 0.33 |
Meconium staining score 3 (%) | 5.8 | 4.3 | 0.34 |
Independent Variable | Regression Coefficient | p-Value | Power of Test at 5% | Regression Coefficient Invert Function (10×) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 2.498 | 0.000 ** | 1.000 | 314.60 |
Total born piglets | 0.015 | 0.004 ** | 0.827 | 1.03 |
‘1,25-vitD’ | −0.079 | 0.055 | 0.484 | −1.20 |
Piglet Vitality Parameter | Variable | Coefficient | p-Value | 95% Confidence Interval |
---|---|---|---|---|
Umbilical cord length | 1,25-vitD/C | 0.695 | 0.042 ** | 0.026 to 1.36 |
Sow (random effect) | 0.557 | 0.173 to 1.792 | ||
Umbilical cord integrity | 1,25-vitD/C | −0.238 | 0.377 | −0.767 to 0.291 |
Sow (random effect) | 0.840 | 0.451 to 1.563 | ||
Meconium score | 1,25-vitD/C | −0.340 | 0.191 | −0.850 to −0.348 |
Sow (random effect) | 1.074 | 0.674 to 1.711 |
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Jahn, L.; Schuepbach-Regula, G.; Nathues, H.; Grahofer, A. Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-Glycosides on the Farrowing Process and Piglet Vitality in a Free Farrowing System. Animals 2022, 12, 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050611
Jahn L, Schuepbach-Regula G, Nathues H, Grahofer A. Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-Glycosides on the Farrowing Process and Piglet Vitality in a Free Farrowing System. Animals. 2022; 12(5):611. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050611
Chicago/Turabian StyleJahn, Laura, Gertraud Schuepbach-Regula, Heiko Nathues, and Alexander Grahofer. 2022. "Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-Glycosides on the Farrowing Process and Piglet Vitality in a Free Farrowing System" Animals 12, no. 5: 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050611
APA StyleJahn, L., Schuepbach-Regula, G., Nathues, H., & Grahofer, A. (2022). Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-Glycosides on the Farrowing Process and Piglet Vitality in a Free Farrowing System. Animals, 12(5), 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050611