Reduction in Pathogenicity in Yeast-like Fungi by Farnesol in Quail Model
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Strain
2.2. Reagents
2.3. C. albicans Processing with Farnesol
2.4. Experimental Infection Quails with Candida albicans ATCC 10231
2.4.1. Animals
2.4.2. Hematological Analysis of Blood Samples
2.4.3. Serum Biochemical Analysis
2.5. Changes in Microbial Composition in Quail Feces
2.6. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Phenotypic Characteristics of C. albicans Strain Used in the Study
3.2. Determination of Biofilm-Forming Potential of C. albicans
3.3. Experimental Infection in Quails with Candida albicans ATCC 10231
3.3.1. Histopathology of Quail Candida albicans Infection
3.3.2. Hematological and Biochemical Analysis in the Experiment and Control Groups
3.4. Changes in Microbial Composition in Quail Feces
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Microorganism Culture | Optical Density (OD) | |
---|---|---|
Control | Experiment | |
C. albicans | 0.497 ± 0.05 | 0.243 ± 0.06 |
Indicators | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RBC, 1012 | HGB, g/L | LEU, 109 | PSEU, % | EOS, % | MONO, % | BAS, % | LYM, % | |
5 days experiment | 1.86 ± 0.13 | 85.4 ± 4.3 | 40.5 ± 1.9 | 22.2 ± 1.8 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 0.30 ± 0.05 | 71.5 ± 6.4 |
Control 5 days | 1.90 ± 0.11 | 86.2 ± 3.9 | 42.1 ± 1.4 | 28.1 ± 2.4 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 0.42 ± 0.06 | 73.4 ± 4.9 |
10 days experiment | 1.72 ± 0.12 | 75.4 ± 6.3 | 30.2 ± 0.9 | 24.7 ± 2.6 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 0.36 ± 0.08 | 79.0 ± 6.5 |
Control 10 days | 1.84 ± 0.11 | 82.7 ± 5.8 | 38.5 ± 1.7 | 20.0 ± 1.9 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 0.38 ± 0.11 | 68.4 ± 7.1 |
15 days experiment | 1.69 ± 0.15 | 72.9 ± 5.1 | 34.5 ± 2.1 | 26.5 ± 2.8 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 0.36 ± 0.05 | 77.6 ± 5.4 |
Control 15 days | 1.87 ± 0.13 | 83.1 ± 3.4 | 35.5 ± 1.6 | 18.6 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 0.35 ± 0.09 | 70.4 ± 6.1 |
Indicators | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRE mmol/L | AST ME/L | ALT ME/L | ALP ME/L | GLU mmol/L | CH mmol/L | TG g/L | TBIL mmol/L | |
5 days experiment | 20.6 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 13.7 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 1.11 ± 0.14 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
Control 5 days | 20.4 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 14.2 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 0.99 ± 0.10 | 1.8 ± 0.4 |
10 days experiment | 23.1 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 5.3 ± 0.2 | 11.1 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 0.96 ± 0.12 | 2.3 ± 0.3 |
Control 10 days | 18.8 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 12.3 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.11 | 2.9 ± 0.6 |
15 days experiment | 25.9 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 5.9 ± 0.4 | 12.3 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.11 | 2.5 ± 0.5 |
Control 15 days | 17.9 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 12.6 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.13 | 2.9 ± 0.5 |
Type of Microorganism | Number of Isolates | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 Days Experiment | Control 5 Days | 10 Days Experiment | Control 10 Days | 15 Days Experiment | Control 15 Days | |
Candida spp. | 4.13 ± 0.21 | 6.12 ± 0.36 | 3.13 ± 0.24 | 6.27 ± 0.27 | 1.13 ± 0.16 | 5.88 ± 0.39 |
Lactobacillus spp. | 6.28 ± 0.35 | 4.13 ± 0.25 | 6.43 ± 0.51 | 4.01 ± 0.32 | 5.89 ± 0.27 | 4.34 ± 0.31 |
Bifidobacterium spp. | 5.67 ± 0.28 | 3.42 ± 0.36 | 5.51 ± 0.29 | 4.59 ± 0.41 | 5.81 ± 0.38 | 5.02 ± 0.25 |
Streptococcus spp. | 2.61 ± 0.48 | 2.34 ± 0.40 | 2.27 ± 0.36 | 2.11 ± 0.40 | 2.33 ± 0.29 | 2.08 ± 0.35 |
Staphylococcus spp. | 1.91 ± 0.35 | 2.47 ± 0.21 | 1.87 ± 0.31 | 2.70 ± 0.33 | 1.90 ± 0.37 | 1.71 ± 0.29 |
Propionibacterium spp. | 1.65 ± 0.19 | 1.50 ± 0.11 | 2.10 ± 0.28 | 1.63 ± 0.22 | 1.73 ± 0.25 | 1.80 ± 0.19 |
Escherichia spp. | 4.31 ± 0.22 | 3.97 ± 0.35 | 4.24 ± 0.40 | 4.00 ± 0.29 | 4.33 ± 0.32 | 4.37 ± 0.25 |
Streptomyces spp. | 2.84 ± 0.23 | 3.14 ± 0.31 | 3.02 ± 0.19 | 2.94 ± 0.26 | 3.18 ± 0.20 | 3.41 ± 0.23 |
Pasterella spp. | 2.59 ± 0.32 | 2.31 ± 0.44 | 2.63 ± 0.27 | 2.58 ± 0.39 | 2.11 ± 0.36 | 2.37 ± 0.40 |
Bacteroides spp. | 1.47 ± 0.25 | 0.91 ± 0.30 | 1.23 ± 0.24 | 1.07 ± 0.19 | 1.25 ± 0.25 | 1.16 ± 0.22 |
Proteus spp. | 2.54 ± 0.39 | 3.05 ± 0.24 | 2.78 ± 0.31 | 2.60 ± 0.27 | 3.10 ± 0.24 | 2.90 ± 0.29 |
Bacillus spp. | 2.97 ± 0.13 | 2.97 ± 0.13 | 2.97 ± 0.13 | 2.97 ± 0.13 | 2.97 ± 0.13 | 2.97 ± 0.13 |
Clostridium spp. | 0.93 ± 0.16 | 1.21 ± 0.20 | 1.33 ± 0.25 | 1.34 ± 0.28 | 1.51 ± 0.26 | 1.60 ± 0.21 |
Eubacterium spp. | 2.68 ± 0.22 | 2.66 ± 0.24 | 2.74 ± 0.21 | 2.51 ± 0.30 | 2.70 ± 0.31 | 2.49 ± 0.25 |
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Sachivkina, N.; Vasilieva, E.; Lenchenko, E.; Kuznetsova, O.; Karamyan, A.; Ibragimova, A.; Zhabo, N.; Molchanova, M. Reduction in Pathogenicity in Yeast-like Fungi by Farnesol in Quail Model. Animals 2022, 12, 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12040489
Sachivkina N, Vasilieva E, Lenchenko E, Kuznetsova O, Karamyan A, Ibragimova A, Zhabo N, Molchanova M. Reduction in Pathogenicity in Yeast-like Fungi by Farnesol in Quail Model. Animals. 2022; 12(4):489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12040489
Chicago/Turabian StyleSachivkina, Nadezhda, Elena Vasilieva, Ekaterina Lenchenko, Olga Kuznetsova, Arfenia Karamyan, Alfia Ibragimova, Natalia Zhabo, and Maria Molchanova. 2022. "Reduction in Pathogenicity in Yeast-like Fungi by Farnesol in Quail Model" Animals 12, no. 4: 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12040489