Diversity, Distribution, and Biogeography of Freshwater Fishes in Guangxi, China
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources
2.3. Data Processing
3. Results
3.1. Faunal Composition
3.2. Fish Distribution
3.3. Biodiversity at Three Taxa Levels
3.4. Taxonomic Diversity Index
3.5. Beta Diversity Patterns
4. Discussion
4.1. Change of Freshwater Fish Species Composition
4.2. Spatial Patterns of Fish Diversity
4.3. Biogeographic Analysis of Fish
4.4. Fish Protection
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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River Basin | Sub−Basins Abbreviation | Length (km) | Area (km2) | Average Gradient (%) | Average Precipitation (mm) | Average Temperature (°C) | Annual Average Runoff (×108 m3) | Average Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pearl River | XR | 291 | 0.0895 | 1418 | 21.6 | 1230 | 25 | |
YYR | 426 | 20,593 | 0.0199 | 1320 | 21.6 | 410 | 65 | |
HR | 352 | 11,536 | 0.0580 | 1555 | 21.7 | 112 | 90 | |
LGR | 426 | 19,288 | 0.0247 | 1890 | 19.8 | 42 | 103 | |
LR | 773 | 51,713 | 0.0168 | 1600 | 19.0 | 410 | 99.3 | |
HSR | 659 | 52,600 | 0.0380 | 1100 | 18.0 | 696 | 242 | |
YR | 707 | 38,612 | 0.0280 | 1187 | 17.1 | 172 | 120 | |
ZR | 346 | 32,068 | 0.0366 | 1300 | 20.7 | 174 | 89 | |
Into the Beibu Gulf | NLR | 287 | 9232 | 0.0377 | 1458 | 21.9 | 77 | 46 |
OR | 692 | 17,322 | 0.0354 | 1386 | 22.0 | 62 | 58 | |
Yangtze River | XZR | 221 | 3414 | 0.0360 | 1236 | 17.0 | 44.9 | 225 |
Red River | BDR | 62 | 1758 | 0.0700 | 1465 | 19.2 | 12 | 358 |
Year | XR | YYR | HR | LGR | LR | HSR | YR | ZR | NLR | OR | XZR | BDR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Δ+ | 2021 | 41.7 | 42.0 | 45.0 | 43.3 | 43.1 | 41.0 | 40.6 | 42.8 | 40.6 | 45.9 | 48.3 | 44.1 |
2006 | 41.8 | 41.1 | 43.6 | 42.4 | 42.9 | 42.1 | 40.6 | 42.6 | 40.2 | 45.6 | 48.0 | 43.0 | |
Λ+ | 2021 | 480.9 | 471.8 | 460.3 | 419.4 | 417.5 | 394.9 | 432.0 | 433.1 | 449.9 | 454.8 | 418.2 | 381.2 |
2006 | 484.2 | 470.1 | 331.1 | 423.5 | 439.3 | 424.4 | 448.6 | 440.5 | 441.2 | 448.0 | 416.2 | 409.1 |
Sub−Basin | β | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sørensen Index | Jaccard Index | |||||
βsor | βsim | βsne | βjac | βjtu | βjne | |
XR | 0.45 ± 0.14 | 0.29 ± 0.13 | 0.16 ± 0.14 | 0.61 ± 0.12 | 0.43 ± 0.16 | 0.18 ± 0.15 |
YYR | 0.45 ± 0.14 | 0.29 ± 0.14 | 0.16 ± 0.14 | 0.61 ± 0.13 | 0.43 ± 0.16 | 0.18 ± 0.15 |
HR | 0.55 ± 0.11 | 0.31 ± 0.14 | 0.24 ± 0.14 | 0.7 ± 0.08 | 0.46 ± 0.15 | 0.25 ± 0.16 |
LGR | 0.47 ± 0.16 | 0.2 ± 0.09 | 0.28 ± 0.18 | 0.63 ± 0.14 | 0.32 ± 0.12 | 0.31 ± 0.18 |
LR | 0.47 ± 0.17 | 0.2 ± 0.09 | 0.27 ± 0.17 | 0.62 ± 0.14 | 0.33 ± 0.12 | 0.3 ± 0.17 |
HSR | 0.53 ± 0.14 | 0.29 ± 0.09 | 0.24 ± 0.16 | 0.68 ± 0.11 | 0.44 ± 0.11 | 0.24 ± 0.15 |
YR | 0.46 ± 0.13 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.62 ± 0.11 | 0.46 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.11 |
ZR | 0.42 ± 0.15 | 0.22 ± 0.06 | 0.2 ± 0.13 | 0.58 ± 0.13 | 0.36 ± 0.08 | 0.22 ± 0.11 |
NLR | 0.51 ± 0.11 | 0.32 ± 0.11 | 0.2 ± 0.13 | 0.67 ± 0.09 | 0.47 ± 0.13 | 0.2 ± 0.14 |
OR | 0.5 ± 0.11 | 0.35 ± 0.1 | 0.15 ± 0.13 | 0.66 ± 0.09 | 0.51 ± 0.11 | 0.15 ± 0.13 |
XZR | 0.51 ± 0.13 | 0.37 ± 0.16 | 0.14 ± 0.12 | 0.67 ± 0.1 | 0.52 ± 0.2 | 0.15 ± 0.15 |
BDR | 0.83 ± 0.03 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.42 ± 0.12 | 0.91 ± 0.02 | 0.57 ± 0.1 | 0.34 ± 0.11 |
Total | 0.79 ± 0.05 | 0.60 ± 0.06 | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.88 ± 0.05 | 0.75 ± 0.05 | 0.13 ± 0.03 |
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He, J.; Wu, Z.; Huang, L.; Gao, M.; Liu, H.; Sun, Y.; Rad, S.; Du, L. Diversity, Distribution, and Biogeography of Freshwater Fishes in Guangxi, China. Animals 2022, 12, 1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12131626
He J, Wu Z, Huang L, Gao M, Liu H, Sun Y, Rad S, Du L. Diversity, Distribution, and Biogeography of Freshwater Fishes in Guangxi, China. Animals. 2022; 12(13):1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12131626
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Jiayang, Zhiqiang Wu, Liangliang Huang, Minhui Gao, Hao Liu, Yangyan Sun, Saeed Rad, and Lina Du. 2022. "Diversity, Distribution, and Biogeography of Freshwater Fishes in Guangxi, China" Animals 12, no. 13: 1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12131626