A New Approach to Detecting and Measuring Changes in the Feeding Behaviour Habits of Group-Housed Growing–Finishing Pigs
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Approach Design
2.2. Animals and Housing Conditions
2.3. Feeding Behaviour Habits
2.3.1. Feeding Behaviour Habits’ Repeatability
2.3.2. Feeding Behaviour Habits’ Maintenance
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Conditions
3.2. Main Descriptive Statistics of Feeding Behaviour Habits Per Period and Trial
3.3. Repeatability and Maintenance of ADFI
3.4. Repeatability and Maintenance of TVs, TD, VS and FR in the Hot-Temperate/Pelleted Trial
3.5. Repeatability and Maintenance of TVs, TD, VS and FR in the Temperate-Hot/Mash trial
4. Discussion
4.1. Repeatability vs. Maintenance
4.2. Production Factors That Modify the Repeatability and Maintenance of Feeding Behaviour Habits
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
- 1.
- Example of usageTo illustrate the complete procedure, consider the TH-M trial and two specific periods, t = 1 and t + 1 = 2, as an example and take the parameter ADFI:
- Take y1 = log (ADFI1) and y2 = log (ADFI2), and let μ1,σ1, and μ2,σ2 be the respective trimmed means and standard deviations in the TH-M trial. Then, for each individual in this trial, calculate their -scores in the two periods:
- Take a threshold δ, and compare the consecutive scaled positions; if , we say that the analysed pig maintained the ADFI feeding behaviour at level δ, from period 1 to period 2;
- Finally, compute the maintenance value as a percentage of individuals whose measurements satisfy the inequality;
- The larger the maintenance value is, the better the reproducibility of FBHs (ADFI, in this example) is from one time interval to the subsequent one in this trial.
- 2.
- Technical note on the δ = ¾ threshold
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Trials Analysed | Pigs Per Trial | Pens Per Trial | in Each Pen, Four Pigs of Each Body Weight Group |
---|---|---|---|
Hot-Temperate/Pelleted (HT-P) | 60 | 5 pens of 12 pigs each | Light |
Medium | |||
Heavy | |||
Temperate-Hot/Mash (TH-M) | 60 | 5 pens of 12 pigs each | Light |
Medium | |||
Heavy |
Mean | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p1 1 | p2 1 | p3 1 | p4 1 | p5 1 | p6 1 | ||
HT-P 2 | TVs 3, feeder visits/d | 14.2 | 12.8 | 11.5 | 9.3 | 7.4 | 6.8 |
TD 4, min/d | 63.7 | 60.6 | 56.0 | 52.5 | 47.6 | 43.4 | |
VS 5, kg/feeder visit | 0.115 | 0.143 | 0.182 | 0.248 | 0.316 | 0.361 | |
FR 6, g/min | 23.7 | 27.9 | 33.6 | 39.5 | 46.1 | 52.3 | |
TH-M 2 | TVs 3, feeder visits/d | 8.6 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 6.5 |
TD 4, min/d | 99.2 | 91.9 | 85.7 | 80.9 | 67.0 | 73.9 | |
VS 5, kg/feeder visit | 0.187 | 0.225 | 0.246 | 0.324 | 0.295 | 0.380 | |
FR 6, g/min | 15.2 | 18.4 | 23.9 | 28.3 | 28.7 | 32.6 |
Trimmed Mean (Trimmed SD 1) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p1 2 | p2 2 | p3 2 | p4 2 | p5 2 | p6 2 | ||
HT-P 3 | TVs 4, feeder visits/d | 2.6 (0.3) | 2.4 (0.2) | 2.4 (0.3) | 2.2 (0.3) | 1.9 (0.3) | 1.9 (0.3) |
TD 5, min/d | 4.1 (0.1) | 4.1 (0.1) | 4.0 (0.1) | 4.0 (0.1) | 3.8 (0.1) | 3.8 (0.2) | |
VS 6, kg/feeder visit | −2.198 (0.317) | −1.974 (0.276) | −1.753 (0.345) | −1.448 (0.365) | −1.207 (0.337) | −1.082 (0.358) | |
FR 7, g/min | 3.2 (0.2) | 3.3 (0.2) | 3.5 (0.2) | 3.7 (0.2) | 3.8 (0.2) | 3.9 (0.2) | |
TH-M 3 | TVs 4, feeder visits/d | 2.6 (0.3) | 2.4 (0.4) | 2.4 (0.4) | 2.2 (0.3) | 1.9 (0.4) | 1.9 (0.3) |
TD 5, min/d | 4.1 (0.3) | 4.1 (0.3) | 4.0 (0.3) | 4.0 (0.3) | 3.8 (0.3) | 3.8 (0.3) | |
VS 6, kg/feeder visit | −2.198 (0.360) | −1.974 (0.419) | −1.753 (0.455) | −1.448 (0.391) | −1.207 (0.366) | −1.082 (0.325) | |
FR 7, g/min | 3.2 (0.3) | 3.3 (0.3) | 3.5 (0.3) | 3.7 (0.3) | 3.8 (0.3) | 3.9 (0.3) |
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Fornós, M.; Farré, M.; López-Vergé, S.; Jiménez-Moreno, E.; Rodríguez-Estévez, V.; Gasa, J. A New Approach to Detecting and Measuring Changes in the Feeding Behaviour Habits of Group-Housed Growing–Finishing Pigs. Animals 2022, 12, 1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121500
Fornós M, Farré M, López-Vergé S, Jiménez-Moreno E, Rodríguez-Estévez V, Gasa J. A New Approach to Detecting and Measuring Changes in the Feeding Behaviour Habits of Group-Housed Growing–Finishing Pigs. Animals. 2022; 12(12):1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121500
Chicago/Turabian StyleFornós, Marta, Mercè Farré, Sergi López-Vergé, Encarnación Jiménez-Moreno, Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez, and Josep Gasa. 2022. "A New Approach to Detecting and Measuring Changes in the Feeding Behaviour Habits of Group-Housed Growing–Finishing Pigs" Animals 12, no. 12: 1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121500