Triacylglycerides and Cholesterol in Organic Milk from Chiapas, Mexico
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Source
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Milk Fat Extraction
2.4. Analysis of Triacylglycerides by Gas Chromatography with a Flame Ionization Detector
2.5. Chromatographic Conditions
2.6. Cholesterol Analysis by Gas Chromatography with a Flame Ionization Detector
2.7. Chromatographic Conditions
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Triacylglycerides
3.2. Cholesterol and Other Sterols
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TAG | PU1 | PU2 | PU3 | Collector Tank | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
§ ±SD | CI | ±SD | CI | ±SD | CI | ±SD | CI | |
C26 | 0.43 a/0.29 | (0.41,0.45) | 0.44 ab/0.34 | (0.42,0.46) | 0.46 ab/0.35 | (0.44,0.49) | 0.45 b/0.23 | (0.44,0.47) |
C28 | 0.49 a/0.96 | (0.43,0.55) | 0.46 a/0.32 | (0.44,0.48) | 0.43 a/0.78 | (0.38.0.48) | 0.47 a/0.54 | (0.44,0.51) |
C30 | 0.87 a/0.15 | (0.77,0.97) | 0.88 a/0.09 | (0.83,0.94) | 0.82 a/0.16 | (0.72,0.92) | 0.90 a/0.13 | (0.82,0.98) |
C32 | 1.83 a/0.33 | (1.52,2.03) | 1.89 a/0.17 | (1.78,2.00) | 1.79 a/0.32 | (1.59,1.99) | 1.89 a/0.28 | (1.71,2.06) |
C34 | 4.77 a/0.87 | (4.22,5.33) | 4.81 a/0.44 | (4.53,5.09) | 4.74 a/0.65 | (4.31,5.15) | 4.74 a/0.57 | (4.38,5.10) |
C36 | 10.66 a/1.18 | (9.90,11.41) | 10.79 a/0.71 | (10.34,11.24) | 10.60 a/0.81 | (10.08,11.11) | 10.69 a/0.84 | (10.15,11.22) |
C38 | 14.27 a/0.74 | (13.81,14.74) | 14.72 a/0.58 | (14.34,15.09) | 14.36 a/0.37 | (14.12,14.59) | 14.56 a/0.30 | (14.37,14.75) |
C40 | 11.08 a/1.03 | (10.42,11.74) | 11.31 a/0.31 | (11.11,11.51) | 10.92 a/0.48 | (10.61.11.22) | 11.43 a/0.51 | (11.10,11.75) |
C42 | 6.37 a/0.58 | (6.0,6.7) | 6.59 a/0.36 | (6.36,6.82) | 6.33 a/0.53 | (5.99,6.67) | 6.49 a/0.51 | (6.17,6.81) |
C44 | 6.01 a/0.92 | (5.42,6.59) | 6.02 a/0.45 | (5.74,6.31) | 5.95 a/0.67 | (5.52,6.37) | 5.88 a/0.72 | (5.42,6.33) |
C46 | 6.83 a/1.01 | (6.19,7.48) | 6.55 a/0.43 | (6.28,6.82) | 6.70 a/0.55 | (6.35,7.05) | 6.48 a/0.67 | (6.05,6.90) |
C48 | 9.29 a/0.98 | (8.66,9.91) | 8.72 a/0.34 | (8.50,8.94) | 9.12 a/0.54 | (8.78,9.47) | 8.72 a/0.52 | (8.38,9.04) |
C50 | 11.73 a/0.71 | (11.27,12.17) | 11.31 a/0.39 | (11.06,11.56) | 11.82 a/0.98 | (11.19,12.44) | 11.36 a/0.52 | (11.03,11.70) |
C52 | 11.35 a/2.42 | (9.81,12.88) | 11.54 a/1.31 | (10.71,12.38) | 11.83 a/1.89 | (10.63,13.03) | 11.68 a/1.88 | (10.48,12.87) |
C54 | 4.34 a/1.71 | (3.26,5.43) | 4.29 a/0.84 | (3.76,4.83) | 4.42 a/1.15 | (3.69,5.15) | 4.61 a/1.37 | (3.74,5.48) |
TAG | This Study | Denmark a | The Netherlands b | India c | Mexico d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C24 to C30 | - | 0.30 ± 0.16 | - | - | - |
C26 | 0.45 ± 0.03 | - | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | - |
C28 | 0.46 ± 0.07 | - | 0.78 ± 0.04 | 0.56 ± 0.01 | 0.45 ± 0.19 |
C30 | 0.87 ± 0.13 | - | 0.43 ± 0.10 | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 0.58 ± 0.51 |
C32 | 1.85 ± 0.28 | 2.60 ± 0.22 | 2.86 ± 0.15 | 1.87 ± 0.03 | 1.45 ± 0.52 |
C34 | 4.77 ± 0.63 | 5.80 ± 0.25 | 6.13 ± 0.25 | 4.49 ± 0.03 | 3.41 ± 0.97 |
C36 | 10.68 ± 0.88 | 10.50 ± 0.58 | 10.91 ± 0.29 | 9.29 ± 0.02 | 7.11 ± 1.57 |
C38 | 14.48 ± 0.54 | 12.00 ± 0.34 | 12.27 ± 0.14 | 12.62 ± 0.04 | 11.26 ± 1.98 |
C40 | 11.18 ± 0.65 | 9.30 ± 0.35 | 9.91 ± 0.17 | 10.64 ± 0.04 | 10.68 ± 3.24 |
C42 | 6.44 ± 0.50 | 6.50 ± 0.58 | 7.11 ± 0.17 | 6.14 ± 0.07 | 7.26 ± 3.26 |
C44 | 5.96 ± 0.69 | 6.70 ± 0.53 | 6.68 ± 0.24 | 5.34 ± 0.07 | 5.27 ± 1.67 |
C46 | 6.64 ± 0.69 | 7.50 ± 0.51 | 7.34 ± 0.23 | 6.29 ± 0.05 | 6.59 ± 1.38 |
C48 | 8.96 ± 0.67 | 9.2 ± 0.34 | 8.79 ± 0.20 | 8.59 ± 0.03 | 9.34 ± 1.53 |
C50 | 11.55 ± 0.70 | 11.60 ± 0.56 | 10.93 ± 0.31 | 12.17 ± 0.07 | 13.43 ± 3.27 |
C52 | 11.60 ± 1.86 | 11.10 ± 1.27 | 9.44 ± 0.56 | 12.87 ± 0.11 | 14.64 ± 4.98 |
C54 | 4.41 ± 1.27 | 4.10 ± 0.85 | 4.67 ± 1.56 | 7.65 ± 0.07 | 8.61 ± 3.52 |
TAG | C26 | C28 | C30 | C32 | C34 | C36 | C38 | C40 | C42 | C44 | C46 | C48 | C50 | C52 | C54 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C26 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
C28 | −0.3 * | 1 | |||||||||||||
C30 | −0.3 * | 0.8 ** | 1 | ||||||||||||
C32 | −0.2 | 0.8 ** | 0.9 ** | 1 | |||||||||||
C34 | −0.1 | 0.8 ** | 0.9 ** | 0.9 ** | 1 | ||||||||||
C36 | −0.2 | 0.6 ** | 0.8 ** | 0.9 ** | 0.9 ** | 1 | |||||||||
C38 | −0.5 ** | 0.1 | 0.3 * | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 ** | 1 | ||||||||
C40 | −0.3 * | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.2 | −0.5** | −0.4** | 0.5** | 1 | |||||||
C42 | −0.1 | 0.7 ** | 0.9 ** | 0.9 ** | 0.9 ** | 0.8 ** | 0.2 | −0.3 * | 1 | ||||||
C44 | 0.02 | 0.6 ** | 0.8 ** | 0.8 ** | 0.9 ** | 0.8 ** | −0.05 | −0.6 ** | 0.9 ** | 1 | |||||
C46 | 0.2 | 0.5 ** | 0.5 ** | 0.7 ** | 0.8 ** | 0.7 ** | −0.3 | −0.8 ** | 0.7 ** | 0.9 ** | 1 | ||||
C48 | 0.4** | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 * | 0.3 * | −0.6 ** | −0.9 ** | 0.3 | 0.6 ** | 0.8 ** | 1 | |||
C50 | 0.4** | −0.7 ** | −0.9 ** | −0.8 ** | −0.7 ** | −0.7 ** | −0.6 ** | −0.2 | −0.8 ** | −0.5 ** | −0.2 | 0.3 * | 1 | ||
C52 | 0.1 | −0.7 ** | −0.9 ** | −0.9 ** | −0.9 ** | −0.9 ** | −0.2 | 0.5 ** | −0.9 ** | −0.9 ** | −0.9 ** | −0.5 ** | 0.6 ** | 1 | |
C54 | 0.04 | −0.6 ** | −0.7 ** | −0.8 ** | −0.9 ** | −0.9 ** | −0.1 | 0.6 ** | −0.8 ** | −0.9 ** | −0.9 ** | −0.6 ** | 0.4 ** | 0.9 ** | 1 |
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González, J.J.P.; Romero, M.G.O.; Bermúdez, B.S.; Rojas, J.L.R.; Vázquez, C.C.R.; Frechero, N.M.; Tolentino, R.G. Triacylglycerides and Cholesterol in Organic Milk from Chiapas, Mexico. Animals 2022, 12, 1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12101292
González JJP, Romero MGO, Bermúdez BS, Rojas JLR, Vázquez CCR, Frechero NM, Tolentino RG. Triacylglycerides and Cholesterol in Organic Milk from Chiapas, Mexico. Animals. 2022; 12(10):1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12101292
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzález, José Jesús Pérez, Marcela Guillermina Ortiz Romero, Beatriz Schettino Bermúdez, Jorge Luis Ruíz Rojas, Claudia Cecilia Radilla Vázquez, Nelly Molina Frechero, and Rey Gutiérrez Tolentino. 2022. "Triacylglycerides and Cholesterol in Organic Milk from Chiapas, Mexico" Animals 12, no. 10: 1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12101292
APA StyleGonzález, J. J. P., Romero, M. G. O., Bermúdez, B. S., Rojas, J. L. R., Vázquez, C. C. R., Frechero, N. M., & Tolentino, R. G. (2022). Triacylglycerides and Cholesterol in Organic Milk from Chiapas, Mexico. Animals, 12(10), 1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12101292