Effects of Loblolly Pine Biochar and Wood Vinegar on Poultry Litter Nutrients and Microbial Abundance
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experiment Setup and Sample Collection
2.2. Nutrient Analysis, pH, and Moisture Content
2.3. Total Bacteria and Fungi Enumeration
2.4. Observational Physical Characteristics of Poultry Litter, Biochar, and Wood Vinegar Mixtures
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. pH, C:N, and Nutrient Analysis
3.1.1. pH
3.1.2. C:N Ratio
3.1.3. Nitrogen
3.1.4. Phosphorus and Potassium
3.2. Microbial Enumeration
3.3. Observational Physical Characteristics of Poultry Litter, Biochar, and Wood Vinegar Mixtures
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- Loblolly pine WV was effective for significantly reducing overall microbial load at a 2% inclusion rate.
- Although PL blends had significantly lower concentrations of N and P as BC level increased, BC treatments either increased in N and inorganic P or retained concentrations that were not significantly different from the beginning of the study.
- Loblolly pine BC addition to PL increased fungal abundance.
- Loblolly pine BC can alter the physical characteristics of PL.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Biochar (kg) | Poultry Litter (kg) | WV (kg) |
---|---|---|---|
PL | 0 | 11 | - |
PL + 5% BC | 0.55 | 10.45 | - |
PL + 10% BC | 1.1 | 9.9 | - |
PL + 20% BC | 2.2 | 8.8 | - |
PL + 2% WV | 0 | 11 | 0.18 |
PL + 5% BC + 2% WV | 0.55 | 10.45 | 0.18 |
PL + 10% BC + 2% WV | 1.1 | 9.9 | 0.18 |
PL + 20% BC + 2% WV | 2.2 | 8.8 | 0.18 |
Day 0 | Day 57 | Day 112 | |
---|---|---|---|
PL | 52,590 | 30,995 | 26,896 |
PL + 5% BC | 52,723 | 38,920 | 29,621 |
PL + 10% BC | 53,994 | 26,951 | 27,471 |
PL + 20% BC | 43,752 | 23,273 | 21,348 |
PL + 2% WV | 56,472 | 29,954 | 22,953 |
PL + 5% BC + 2% WV | 59,508 | 26,525 | 22,880 |
PL + 10% BC + 2% WV | 51,618 | 24,022 | 21,974 |
PL + 20% BC + 2% WV | 43,003 | 18,048 | 17,096 |
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Mohammadi-Aragh, M.K.; Stokes, C.E.; Street, J.T.; Linhoss, J.E. Effects of Loblolly Pine Biochar and Wood Vinegar on Poultry Litter Nutrients and Microbial Abundance. Animals 2021, 11, 2209. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082209
Mohammadi-Aragh MK, Stokes CE, Street JT, Linhoss JE. Effects of Loblolly Pine Biochar and Wood Vinegar on Poultry Litter Nutrients and Microbial Abundance. Animals. 2021; 11(8):2209. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082209
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammadi-Aragh, Maryam K., C. Elizabeth Stokes, Jason T. Street, and John E. Linhoss. 2021. "Effects of Loblolly Pine Biochar and Wood Vinegar on Poultry Litter Nutrients and Microbial Abundance" Animals 11, no. 8: 2209. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082209