A Retrospective Study of Clinical and Histopathological Features of 81 Cases of Canine Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Anal Sac: Independent Clinical and Histopathological Risk Factors Associated with Outcome
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Selection Criteria
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Histological Analysis
2.4. Immunohistochemistry
2.5. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Signalment, Clinical Signs, and Clinical Staging
3.2. Prognostic Clinical Variables and Patient Survival Time
3.3. Prognostic Histopathological Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
References
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Parameter | Number |
---|---|
Sex | 54 males |
27 females | |
2:1 male:female | |
Age | 9.7 years mean |
5−15 years interquartile range | |
Breed most affected | Cocker spaniel n = 30 |
Labrador retriever n = 12 | |
Cross-breed n = 11 | |
Primary clinical sign | Owner-detected perianal mass n = 40 |
Incidental finding of perianal mass n = 17 | |
Dysuria/tenesmus n = 13 | |
Clinical signs of hypercalcaemia | |
Mass location | Right anal sac n = 41 |
Left anal sac n = 34 | |
Bilateral n = 6 | |
Sublumbar lymphadenopathy on rectal palpation | Present n = 30 |
Absent n = 51 |
Parameter | Groups | No. | MST 1 | Hazard Ratio | p 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tumour diameter | ≤2 cm | 35 | 678 | 1.983 | 0.048 * |
>2 cm | 42 | 360 | |||
Lymph node diameter | ≤1.6 cm | 39 | 631 | 3.053 | 0.001 ** |
1.6 < x ≤ 5 cm | 24 | 493 | |||
>5 cm | 18 | 135 | |||
Surgery | No | 18 | 137 | 0.332 | 0.004 ** |
Yes | 63 | 531 | |||
Radiotherapy | No | 73 | 452 | 0.307 | 0.014 * |
Yes | 8 | 995 | |||
Medical therapy | No | 49 | 452 | Eliminated | |
Yes | 32 | 461 | |||
Calcium status | Normal | 58 | 497 | Eliminated | |
Increased | 19 | 286 |
Clinical Stage | Median Survival Time (days) | |
---|---|---|
No Surgery or Radiotherapy | Surgery and/or Radiotherapy | |
Primary disease only | 476 | 776 |
Locoregional nodal metastasis | 360 1 | 493 1 |
Distant metastasis | 15 1 | 421 1 |
Parameter | Group | Score |
---|---|---|
Tumour diameter cm | ≤2 | 0 |
>2 | 1 | |
Lymph node diameter cm | ≤1.6 | 0 |
1.6 < x ≤ 5 | 1 | |
>5 | 2 | |
Treatment | Surgery and/or radiotherapy | 0 |
Neither surgery nor radiotherapy | 1 |
Parameter | Groups | No. | MST 1 | Hazard Ratio | p 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tumour diameter | ≤1.3 cm | 9 | 445 | 5.948 | 0.006 ** |
>1.3 cm | 26 | 230 | |||
Distant metastasis | No | 29 | 252 | 5.708 | 0.001 ** |
Yes | 8 | 133 | |||
Lymph node size | ≤3.8 cm | 27 | 230 | 0.385 | 0.053 |
>3.8 cm | 10 | 258 | |||
Calcium status | Normal | 26 | 239 | Eliminated | |
Increased | 8 | 275 |
Parameter | Groups | No. | MST 1 | Hazard Ratio | p 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Necrosis | None | 29 | 831 | 2.984 | 0.008 ** |
Present (any amount) | 21 | 421 | |||
Predominant histological pattern | Non-solid | 26 | 631 | 2.63 | 0.04 * |
Solid | 23 | 452 | |||
Vascular invasion | None | 31 | 831 | 2.794 | 0.02 * |
Present | 18 | 367 | |||
Ki67% | 6.1 | 21 | 607 | Eliminated | |
>6.1 | 25 | 590 |
Parameter | Group | Score |
---|---|---|
Tumour necrosis | None | 0 |
Present | 1 | |
Predominant histological pattern | Rosette or tubular | 0 |
Solid | 1 | |
Vascular invasion | None | 0 |
Present | 1 |
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Wong, H.; Byrne, S.; Rasotto, R.; Drees, R.; Taylor, A.; Priestnall, S.L.; Leo, C. A Retrospective Study of Clinical and Histopathological Features of 81 Cases of Canine Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Anal Sac: Independent Clinical and Histopathological Risk Factors Associated with Outcome. Animals 2021, 11, 3327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113327
Wong H, Byrne S, Rasotto R, Drees R, Taylor A, Priestnall SL, Leo C. A Retrospective Study of Clinical and Histopathological Features of 81 Cases of Canine Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Anal Sac: Independent Clinical and Histopathological Risk Factors Associated with Outcome. Animals. 2021; 11(11):3327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113327
Chicago/Turabian StyleWong, Hannah, Stephanie Byrne, Roberta Rasotto, Randi Drees, Angela Taylor, Simon L. Priestnall, and Chiara Leo. 2021. "A Retrospective Study of Clinical and Histopathological Features of 81 Cases of Canine Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Anal Sac: Independent Clinical and Histopathological Risk Factors Associated with Outcome" Animals 11, no. 11: 3327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113327
APA StyleWong, H., Byrne, S., Rasotto, R., Drees, R., Taylor, A., Priestnall, S. L., & Leo, C. (2021). A Retrospective Study of Clinical and Histopathological Features of 81 Cases of Canine Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Anal Sac: Independent Clinical and Histopathological Risk Factors Associated with Outcome. Animals, 11(11), 3327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113327