Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Epigallocatechin Gallate on Meat Quality and Muscle Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers Subjected to Acute Heat Stress
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods and Materials
2.1. Animals, Diets, and Management
2.2. Samples and Collection
2.3. Meat Quality Analysis
2.4. Metabolite Content and Enzyme Activity Assay
2.5. Real-Time PCR Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Carcass Traits
3.2. Meat Quality and Muscle Lactic Acid and Glycogen Contents
3.3. The Activities of Antioxidant Enzyme and the Contents of MDA and PC in Muscle
3.4. Expression of Genes Related to Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | 22–42 d | 43–94 d |
---|---|---|
Ingredients (%) | ||
Corn | 62.50 | 75.50 |
Soybean oil Corn protein meal | 2.40 1.20 | 2.50 0.00 |
Soybean meal | 30.33 | 23.77 |
D, L-Methionine | 0.11 | 0.13 |
Salt | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Choline chloride | 0.15 | 0.15 |
CaHPO4·2H2O Limestone | 1.62 1.16 | 1.32 1.10 |
Vitamin premix 1 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Trace mineral premix 2 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Calculated nutrient levels | ||
Metabolizable energy, Mcal/kg | 12.56 | 12.81 |
Crude protein, % | 19.02 | 16.07 |
Lysine, % | 0.99 | 0.85 |
Methionine + cysteine, % | 0.72 | 0.65 |
Available phosphorus, % Calcium, % | 0.40 0.91 | 0.35 0.80 |
Gene | Primer (5’-3’) | GenBank Number |
---|---|---|
β-actin | F: TGATATTGCTGCGCTCGTTG | NM_205518.1 |
R: AACCATCACACCCTGATGTCTG | ||
Nrf2 | F: TTCGCAGAGCACAGATACTTC | NM_205117.1 |
R: TGGGTGGCTGAGTTTGATTAG | ||
HO-1 | F: TGTCCCTCCACGAGTTCAAG | NM_205344.1 |
R: CTCCGAGTTGCTGCCATAGAA | ||
Keap1 | F: CTGCTGGAGTTCGCCTACAC | XM_025145847.1 |
R: CACGCTGTCGATCTGGTATC | ||
NQO1 | F: CTCCGAGTGCTTTGTCTACGA | NM_001277619.1 |
R: ATGGCTGGCATCTCAAACC | ||
SOD1 | F: GGAGTGGCAGAAGTAGAAATAGAAG | NM_205064.1 |
R: AGGTCCAGCATTTCCAGTTAG | ||
CAT | F: GGCGTATGACCCTAGCAACA | NM_001031215.2 |
R: TCTGATAATTGGCCACGCGA | ||
GSH-Px | F: ACGGCGCATCTTCCAAAG | NM_001277853.2 |
R: TGTTCCCCCAACCATTTCTC | ||
GST | F: GGAAGCCATTTTAATGACAGA | XM_ 015284825.2 |
R: TCCTTTAAAAGCCTGTAGCAGA |
Items | CON | AHS | AHS + EGCG | SEM | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slaughter percentage, % | 87.6 | 85.0 | 87.0 | 0.560 | 0.518 |
Eviscerated carcass percentage, % | 64.5 a | 59.9 b | 63.0 a | 0.641 | 0.004 |
Semi-eviscerated carcass percentage, % | 79.0 | 78.0 | 79.2 | 0.410 | 0.498 |
Breast muscle yield, % | 13.3 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 0.566 | 0.677 |
Leg muscle yield, % | 22.0 | 22.6 | 22.4 | 0.280 | 0.731 |
Items | CON | AHS | AHS + EGCG | SEM | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drip loss, % | 2.62 b | 3.60 a | 2.97 b | 0.142 | 0.005 |
Cooking loss, % | 19.4 | 23.6 | 20.6 | 0.978 | 0.213 |
Shear force, N | 23.9 | 28.8 | 24.8 | 1.88 | 0.543 |
pH45min | 6.02 | 6.04 | 5.97 | 0.068 | 0.925 |
pH24h | 5.55 a | 5.27 b | 5.66 a | 0.059 | 0.010 |
L*45min | 48.3 | 51.8 | 49.6 | 0.751 | 0.146 |
a*45min | 7.55 a | 5.89 b | 7.37 a | 0.298 | 0.031 |
b*45min | 14.7 | 14.5 | 14.8 | 0.460 | 0.980 |
L*24h | 49.5 b | 54.5 a | 50.0 b | 0.949 | 0.049 |
a*24h | 8.97 a | 6.59 b | 8.58 a | 0.408 | 0.023 |
b*24h | 14.4 | 15.0 | 13.4 | 0.580 | 0.547 |
Items | CON | AHS | AHS + EGCG | SEM | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MDA, nmol/mg protein | 1.98 b | 2.92 a | 2.09 b | 0.177 | 0.049 |
PC, nmol/mg protein | 18.7 | 25.7 | 22.0 | 1.62 | 0.219 |
T-SOD, U/mg protein | 75.2 a | 61.6 b | 68.2 a | 2.34 | 0.045 |
CAT, U/mg protein | 59.5 | 49.9 | 52.2 | 3.59 | 0.521 |
GSH-Px, U/mg protein | 229 | 198 | 220 | 7.45 | 0.250 |
T-SOD/MDA | 42.9 a | 21.6 b | 39.3 a | 3.81 | 0.038 |
CAT/MDA | 28.0 | 18.8 | 25.0 | 2.18 | 0.229 |
GSH-Px/MDA | 125 a | 70.9 b | 108 ab | 9.33 | 0.032 |
Items | CON | AHS | AHS + EGCG | SEM | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nrf2 | 1.00 a | 0.759 b | 0.981 a | 0.042 | 0.024 |
Keap1 | 1.00 b | 1.469 a | 1.141 b | 0.067 | 0.011 |
HO-1 | 1.00 | 0.898 | 0.946 | 0.037 | 0.601 |
NQO1 | 1.00 a | 0.659 b | 0.903 a | 0.056 | 0.009 |
CAT | 1.00 a | 0.749 b | 0.788 b | 0.046 | 0.027 |
SOD1 | 1.00 | 0.903 | 0.924 | 0.063 | 0.833 |
GSH-Px | 1.00 | 0.891 | 0.968 | 0.026 | 0.199 |
GST | 1.00 | 0.885 | 0.945 | 0.075 | 0.811 |
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Zhao, F.; Wang, X.; Li, Y.; Chen, X.; Geng, Z.; Zhang, C. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Epigallocatechin Gallate on Meat Quality and Muscle Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers Subjected to Acute Heat Stress. Animals 2021, 11, 3296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113296
Zhao F, Wang X, Li Y, Chen X, Geng Z, Zhang C. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Epigallocatechin Gallate on Meat Quality and Muscle Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers Subjected to Acute Heat Stress. Animals. 2021; 11(11):3296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113296
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Fei, Xiaocheng Wang, Yang Li, Xingyong Chen, Zhaoyu Geng, and Cheng Zhang. 2021. "Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Epigallocatechin Gallate on Meat Quality and Muscle Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers Subjected to Acute Heat Stress" Animals 11, no. 11: 3296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113296