Effects of Receiving Two Initial Feedings of Colostrum on the Average Daily Gain and Health of Pre-Weaning Group Housed Holstein Heifer Calves
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data and Sample Collection
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Description of Study Population and Treatment
3.2. Average Daily Gain and Height
3.3. Health Status
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measurement | 1Treatments | ||
---|---|---|---|
Control | Colostrum | p-Value | |
Number of animals | 94 | 95 | - |
Birth weight (kg) | 38.0 (35.7–40.3) | 38.8 (31.7–52.6) | 0.19 |
Parity of dams | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.6 (1.3–1.8) | 0.35 |
Days carried calf (days) | 276.3 (267.1–285.4) | 275.7 (266.3–285.0) | 0.36 |
%Brix of first colostrum | 25.2 (24.1–26.2) | 24.9 (23.8–25.9) | 0.43 |
%Brix of second colostrum | 7.3 (6.5–8.2) | 25.5 (24.7–26.4) | <0.01 |
Serum % Brix | 9.2 (9.0–9.5) | 9.7 (9.4–9.9) | <0.01 |
1Treatments | |||
---|---|---|---|
Control | Colostrum | p-Value | |
Categories serum % Brix | |||
Excellent (≥9.4)% | 32 (17.0%) | 45 (23.8%) | 0.14 |
Fair (8.9–9.3)% | 28 (14.8%) | 24 (12.7%) | |
Good (8.1–8.8)% | 29 (15.3%) | 25 (13.3%) | |
Poor (<8.1)% | 5 (2.6%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
Categories Average Daily Gain (ADG) WK 1–8 | |||
Excellent (ADG > 0.82) kg/d | 12 (7.0%) | 10 (5.8%) | 0.57 |
Fair (ADG 0.64 to 0.82) kg/d | 42 (24.4%) | 36 (20.9%) | |
Poor (ADG < 0.64) kg/d | 33 (19.2%) | 39 (22.7%) |
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Zheng, Q.-D.; Leal Yepes, F.A. Effects of Receiving Two Initial Feedings of Colostrum on the Average Daily Gain and Health of Pre-Weaning Group Housed Holstein Heifer Calves. Animals 2021, 11, 3209. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113209
Zheng Q-D, Leal Yepes FA. Effects of Receiving Two Initial Feedings of Colostrum on the Average Daily Gain and Health of Pre-Weaning Group Housed Holstein Heifer Calves. Animals. 2021; 11(11):3209. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113209
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng, Qiu-Di, and Francisco A. Leal Yepes. 2021. "Effects of Receiving Two Initial Feedings of Colostrum on the Average Daily Gain and Health of Pre-Weaning Group Housed Holstein Heifer Calves" Animals 11, no. 11: 3209. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113209