Effect of Raw and Extruded Propionic Acid-Treated Field Beans on Energy and Crude Protein Digestibility (In-Vitro and In-Vivo), Growth and Carcass Quality in Grow-Finisher Pigs
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Experiment 1
2.2. Experiment 2
2.3. Experiment 3
2.4. Laboratory Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. In-Vitro Digestiblility (Experiment 1)
3.2. Digestible Energy and Crude Protein Determination (Experiment 2)
3.3. Growth Performance and Carcass Quality (Experiment 3)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SBM | trFB | exFB | |
---|---|---|---|
Dry Matter, % | 88.70 | 80.75 | 87.85 |
Gross Energy, MJ/kg | 19.22 | 18.68 | 18.45 |
Crude Protein, % | 53.55 | 27.37 | 27.09 |
Lysine, % | 2.99 | 1.78 | 1.57 |
Threonine, % | 1.92 | 1.05 | 0.99 |
Methionine, % | 0.72 | 0.22 | 0.22 |
Cystine, % | 0.70 | 0.30 | 0.28 |
Tryptophan, % | 0.77 | 0.27 | 0.25 |
Valine, % | 2.36 | 1.34 | 1.17 |
Ether extract, % | 2.47 | 1.56 | 1.58 |
Crude Fiber, % | 3.72 | 5.94 | 6.15 |
Acid Detergent Fiber, % | 5.76 | 9.28 | 9.76 |
Neutral Detergent Fiber,% | 8.12 | 10.15 | 10.70 |
Ash, % | 7.22 | 4.33 | 4.44 |
Tannic acid equivalents, mg/g | 0.95 | 0.79 | 0.79 |
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity mg/g | 1.47 | 1.86 | 1.62 |
Experiment 2 | Experiment 3 1 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Basal Diet | T1 (CON) | T2 (trFBD) | T3 (exFBD) | |
Ingredient composition | ||||
Barley | 76.29 | 83.02 | 54.40 | 59.60 |
trFB 2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 40.00 | 0.00 |
exFB 3 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 36.80 |
Soybean meal | 17.64 | 14.36 | 1.25 | 0.80 |
Soya oil | 3.35 | 0.00 | 1.53 | 0.03 |
Limestone flour | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.20 | 1.15 |
Mono-dicalcium phosphate | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
L-Lysine (HCl, 78.8%) | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 0.27 |
L-Threonine (98%) | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.17 |
DL-Metionine | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.20 |
L-Tryptophan | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
Salt | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Premix 4 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
Celite | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Nutrient composition | ||||
Dry matter 5 | 88.96 | 87.00 | 85.30 | 86.80 |
Crude Protein 5 | 16.8 | 15.7 | 15.8 | 15.7 |
SID Lysine 6 | 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.89 |
Lysine 5 | 1.03 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.97 |
Ether extract 5 | 6.0 | 3.1 | 4.5 | 3.5 |
Net energy 6, Mj/kg | 9.7 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 |
Gross energy 5, Mj/kg | 16.6 | 16.1 | 16.3 | 16.2 |
Total Ca 6 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.64 |
Digestible P 6 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.25 |
Crude fibre 5 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 5.4 | 5.8 |
Acid detergent fibre 5 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 7.0 | 7.5 |
Neutral detergent fibre 5 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 10.8 | 12.0 |
Ash 5 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.3 |
Dry Mater | Organic Mater | Crude Protein | |
---|---|---|---|
trFB 1 | 73.4 | 73.0 | 90.7 |
exFB 2 | 74.4 | 74.5 | 91.0 |
Pooled SEM 3 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
p-value | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
Treatment 2,3 | p-Value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CON | trFBD | exFBD | SEM 4 | Diet | Sex | Diet × Sex | |
AiD of DM | 65.4 a | 69.9 a,b | 72.3 b | 1.61 | 0.02 | 0.31 | 0.62 |
AiD of OM | 68.5 a | 73.2 a,b | 75.2 b | 1.46 | 0.01 | 0.33 | 0.61 |
AiD of CP | 63.7 | 63.3 | 63.3 | 3.20 | 0.39 | 0.66 | 0.83 |
AiD of Energy | 66.1 | 71.0 | 71.2 | 2.18 | 0.33 | 0.44 | 0.77 |
ATTD of DM | 88.3 | 85.9 | 88.7 | 0.29 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.88 |
ATTD of OM | 89.9 | 87.9 | 90.1 | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.46 |
ATTD of CP | 85.2 | 84.0 | 86.2 | 0.57 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.72 |
Treatment 2,3 | p-Value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CON | trFBD | exFBD | SEM 4 | Diet | Sex | Diet × Sex | |
Initial live weight, kg | 46.2 | 46.2 | 46.2 | 0.52 | 0.98 | 0.72 | 0.77 |
Final live weight, kg | 109.1 | 112.8 | 111.0 | 0.99 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.77 |
ADFI, g/day | 2291 a | 2453 b | 2403 b | 43.8 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.16 |
ADG, g/day | 998 | 1058 | 1027 | 22.4 | 0.13 | <0.01 | 0.85 |
FCR, g/g | 2.30 | 2.32 | 2.35 | 0.027 | 0.42 | <0.001 | 0.15 |
Hot carcass weight, kg | 84.4 | 86.9 | 85.7 | 1.13 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.76 |
Carcass yield, % | 77.2 | 77.3 | 77.1 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.12 | 0.62 |
Fat depth, mm | 11.2 | 12.8 | 12.2 | 0.56 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.11 |
Muscle depth, mm | 60.7 | 59.7 | 57.8 | 2.62 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.68 |
Lean meat, % | 59.9 | 58.4 | 58.3 | 0.78 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.14 |
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Torres-Pitarch, A.; Perez-Vendrell, A.M.; Manzanilla, E.G.; Gardiner, G.E.; Ryan, T.; O Doherty, J.V.; Torrallardona, D.; Lawlor, P.G. Effect of Raw and Extruded Propionic Acid-Treated Field Beans on Energy and Crude Protein Digestibility (In-Vitro and In-Vivo), Growth and Carcass Quality in Grow-Finisher Pigs. Animals 2021, 11, 3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113080
Torres-Pitarch A, Perez-Vendrell AM, Manzanilla EG, Gardiner GE, Ryan T, O Doherty JV, Torrallardona D, Lawlor PG. Effect of Raw and Extruded Propionic Acid-Treated Field Beans on Energy and Crude Protein Digestibility (In-Vitro and In-Vivo), Growth and Carcass Quality in Grow-Finisher Pigs. Animals. 2021; 11(11):3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113080
Chicago/Turabian StyleTorres-Pitarch, Alberto, Anna M. Perez-Vendrell, Edgar G. Manzanilla, Gillian E. Gardiner, Tomas Ryan, John V. O Doherty, David Torrallardona, and Peadar G. Lawlor. 2021. "Effect of Raw and Extruded Propionic Acid-Treated Field Beans on Energy and Crude Protein Digestibility (In-Vitro and In-Vivo), Growth and Carcass Quality in Grow-Finisher Pigs" Animals 11, no. 11: 3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113080