Morphometric Characteristics of the Skull in Horses and Donkeys—A Pilot Study
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects and Head Preparation
2.2. Skull Measurements
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Horses
3.2. Donkeys
3.3. Comparison of Measurements between Donkeys and Horses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Horse | Donkey | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Mean | Mean | ||
Head weight (kg) | 22.5 ± 4.9 | 13.6 ± 3.7 | <0.0001 * |
Skull length (cm) | 53.6 ± 2.6 | 46.6 ± 5.0 | 0.0080 * |
Cranial length (cm) | 23.6 ± 1.4 | 20.4 ± 2.7 | 0.0002 * |
Nasal length (cm) | 30.4 ± 3.9 | 27.5 ± 3.1 | 0.1919 |
Zygomatic width (cm) | 22.6 ± 1.8 | 21.9 ± 2.2 | 0.0776 |
Cranial width (cm) | 19.0 ± 0.8 | 16.3 ± 2.4 | <0.0001 * |
Mandibular depth (cm) | 27.2 ± 1.1 | 24.5 ± 2.4 | 0.0019 * |
Skull index | 42.2 ± 3.2 | 46.2 ± 3.4 | 0.0025 * |
Cranial index | 80.9 ± 6.2 | 77.2 ± 9.1 | 0.1399 |
Nasal index | 76.0 ± 14.5 | 79.6 ± 7.5 | 0.6600 |
Mandibular index | 50.8 ± 2.6 | 52.2 ± 5.2 | 0.5791 |
Cranial profile index | 8.8 ± 1.0 | 7.6 ± 1.2 | 0.0335 * |
Nasal profile index | 9.1 ± 2.8 | 7.3 ± 0.8 | 0.8359 |
Olfactory bulb area (cm2) | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 1.98 ± 1.3 | 0.0478 * |
Olfactory bulb pitch (°) | 66.0 ± 11.8 | 56.6 ± 1318 | 0.0163 * |
Brain pitch (°) | 18.3 ± 45.7 | 16.7 ± 37.8 | 0.4338 |
Whorl location (cm) | 0.1 ± 1.5 | 8.0 ± 6.5 | 0.0001 * |
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Merkies, K.; Paraschou, G.; McGreevy, P.D. Morphometric Characteristics of the Skull in Horses and Donkeys—A Pilot Study. Animals 2020, 10, 1002. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10061002
Merkies K, Paraschou G, McGreevy PD. Morphometric Characteristics of the Skull in Horses and Donkeys—A Pilot Study. Animals. 2020; 10(6):1002. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10061002
Chicago/Turabian StyleMerkies, Katrina, Georgios Paraschou, and Paul Damien McGreevy. 2020. "Morphometric Characteristics of the Skull in Horses and Donkeys—A Pilot Study" Animals 10, no. 6: 1002. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10061002
APA StyleMerkies, K., Paraschou, G., & McGreevy, P. D. (2020). Morphometric Characteristics of the Skull in Horses and Donkeys—A Pilot Study. Animals, 10(6), 1002. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10061002