Price Fluctuation, Protected Geographical Indications and Employment in the Spanish Small Ruminant Sector during the COVID-19 Crisis
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Milk Prices Published by InLAC
2.3. Evolution of Meat Prices on Agrarian Markets
2.4. Influence of PGI on Lamb Sale and Price Fluctuation
2.5. Evolution of Employment on Flocks
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Analysis of Spanish Small Ruminant Milk Prices from 2015 to 2020
3.2. Analysis of Meat Prices Provided by Agrarian Markets
3.3. Differences in Sales and Prices among PGI and Non-PGI Lambs
3.4. Analysis of Employment on Flocks
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Production System and Species | Flocks (n) | No. of Workers | No. of Animals per Worker | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-COVID | Post-COVID | Pre-COVID | Post-COVID | ||||||||||||||
Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | ||
Dairy sheep | 22 | 5.0 | 1.4 | 3 | 8 | 5.2 | 1.6 | 3 | 8 | 248 | 97 | 105 | 520 | 244 | 102 | 79 | 520 |
Meat sheep | 13 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 1 | 3 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 1 | 3 | 327 | 142 | 105 | 604 | 327 | 142 | 105 | 604 |
Dairy goat | 23 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 1 | 13 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 1 | 13 | 177 | 70 | 40 | 300 | 188 | 67 | 40 | 300 |
Total | 58 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 1 | 13 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 1 | 13 | 238 | 115 | 40 | 604 | 240 | 114 | 40 | 604 |
Specie | Flocks (n) | No. of Workers (A) | No. of Animals per Worker (B) | p-Values 2 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | Pairwise Differences 1 | Median | Pairwise Differences 1 | ||||||||||
Pre-COVID | Post-COVID | Positive | Ties | Negative | Pre-COVID | Post-COVID | Positive | Ties | Negative | A | B | ||
Sheep | 35 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 32 | 0 | 260 | 260 | 0 | 32 | 3 | 0.102 | 0.109 |
Goat | 23 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 20 | 3 | 170 | 178 | 3 | 20 | 0 | 0.109 | 0.109 |
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Vidaurreta, I.; Orengo, J.; Fe, C.d.l.; González, J.M.; Gómez-Martín, Á.; Benito, B. Price Fluctuation, Protected Geographical Indications and Employment in the Spanish Small Ruminant Sector during the COVID-19 Crisis. Animals 2020, 10, 2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122221
Vidaurreta I, Orengo J, Fe Cdl, González JM, Gómez-Martín Á, Benito B. Price Fluctuation, Protected Geographical Indications and Employment in the Spanish Small Ruminant Sector during the COVID-19 Crisis. Animals. 2020; 10(12):2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122221
Chicago/Turabian StyleVidaurreta, Irene, Juan Orengo, Christian de la Fe, José María González, Ángel Gómez-Martín, and Bernardino Benito. 2020. "Price Fluctuation, Protected Geographical Indications and Employment in the Spanish Small Ruminant Sector during the COVID-19 Crisis" Animals 10, no. 12: 2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122221
APA StyleVidaurreta, I., Orengo, J., Fe, C. d. l., González, J. M., Gómez-Martín, Á., & Benito, B. (2020). Price Fluctuation, Protected Geographical Indications and Employment in the Spanish Small Ruminant Sector during the COVID-19 Crisis. Animals, 10(12), 2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122221