Titanium Wear Particles Exacerbate S. epidermidis-Induced Implant-Related Osteolysis and Decrease Efficacy of Antibiotic Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Antibiotic Challenge of S. epidermidis Grown on Titanium WPs
2.3. Confirmation of Biofilm Formation by Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.4. Assessment of Antibacterial Efficacy of Neutrophils
2.5. WP-Induced Soluble Mediator Production by Neutrophils and PBMCs
2.6. In Vivo Study Outline
2.7. Implant Design and Manufacturing
2.8. Bacterial Inoculum Preparation for In Vivo Study
2.9. Animal Welfare, Observation and Euthanasia
2.10. Anesthesia, Surgery and Medication Administration
2.11. In Vivo MicroCT and Image Processing
2.12. Bacteriology
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Antibiotic Challenge of Biofilm on Wear Particles
3.2. Impact of WPs on Neutrophil and PBMC Function
3.3. In Vivo Bacteriology
3.4. MicroCT
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Inoculum | Group Size | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Control | Sterile | 6 |
S. epidermidis | 6 | ||
S. epidermidis + antibiotics | 6 | ||
2 | Wear particles | Sterile | 6 |
S. epidermidis | 6 | ||
S. epidermidis + antibiotics | 6 | ||
TOTAL | 36 |
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Siverino, C.; Freitag, L.; Arens, D.; Styger, U.; Richards, R.G.; Moriarty, T.F.; Stadelmann, V.A.; Thompson, K. Titanium Wear Particles Exacerbate S. epidermidis-Induced Implant-Related Osteolysis and Decrease Efficacy of Antibiotic Therapy. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1945. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091945
Siverino C, Freitag L, Arens D, Styger U, Richards RG, Moriarty TF, Stadelmann VA, Thompson K. Titanium Wear Particles Exacerbate S. epidermidis-Induced Implant-Related Osteolysis and Decrease Efficacy of Antibiotic Therapy. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(9):1945. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091945
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiverino, Claudia, Linda Freitag, Daniel Arens, Ursula Styger, R. Geoff Richards, T. Fintan Moriarty, Vincent A. Stadelmann, and Keith Thompson. 2021. "Titanium Wear Particles Exacerbate S. epidermidis-Induced Implant-Related Osteolysis and Decrease Efficacy of Antibiotic Therapy" Microorganisms 9, no. 9: 1945. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091945