Genetic Susceptibility of the Host in Virus-Induced Diabetes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Host Genetic Factors in Humans
2.1. IFIH1
2.1.1. rs1990760
2.1.2. rs35667974, rs35337543, rs35744605, and rs35732034
2.1.3. rs3747517, rs2111485, and rs13422767
2.2. TYK2
2.2.1. rs2304256
2.2.2. rs12720356
2.2.3. rs2304258, rs17000728, rs17000730, rs2304259, rs891696485, and rs953883300
2.3. CXADR
2.3.1. rs6517774
2.3.2. rs2824404
2.4. BACH2
rs72928038, rs3757247, and rs11755527
2.5. PTPN22
rs2476601
3. Host Genetic Factors in Animal Models
3.1. EMCV-Induced Diabetes Model
3.1.1. Ifih1, Tlr3, Irf3, and Ifn-β
3.1.2. Tyk2
3.1.3. Il-1β, Tnf-α, and iNOS
3.1.4. Reg1
3.1.5. Stat2
3.2. KRV-Induced Autoimmune Diabetes Model
3.2.1. MHC (RT1)
3.2.2. Ifnar1
3.3. CVB-Induced Acute Autoimmune NOD Diabetes Model
3.3.1. Tlr3
3.3.2. Ifih1
3.3.3. Socs-1
3.4. Transgenic Animal Models
3.4.1. Ifn-α
3.4.2. Cxcl10
3.5. Combined STZ and Virus Infection Model
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Humans | ||
Virus | Ref. | |
RNA virus | Enterovirus | [7,8] |
Rotavirus | [9] | |
Retrovirus | [10,11,12] | |
Rubella virus | [13,14] | |
Mumps virus | [6] | |
DNA virus | Cytomegalovirus | [15,16] |
Epstein-Barr virus | [17] | |
Parvovirus | [18] | |
Herpesvirus | [19] | |
Animals | ||
Virus | Ref. | |
RNA virus | Enterovirus | [20] |
Encephalomyocarditis virus | [21] | |
Mengovirus | [22] | |
Rotavirus | [23] | |
Retrovirus | [24] | |
Reovirus | [25] | |
Rubella virus | [26] | |
Influenza A virus | [27] | |
Bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus | [28] | |
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus | [29] | |
DNA virus | Kilham rat virus (Rat Parvovirus) | [30] |
Cytomegalovirus | [31] |
Candidate Genes | SNPs | Nucleoside Change (Amino Acid Change) | The Effect of the SNPs (OR, Odds Ratio; HR, Hazard Ratio) | Potential Association with VID |
---|---|---|---|---|
IFIH1 | rs1990760 | NC_000002.12:g.162267541C>T (NP_071451.2:p.Ala946Thr) | T1D, HR 1.21 [37]; EV prevalence in stools, OR 1.22 [38]; The association with islet autoimmunity, OR 1.2 [38] | Linked with the high expression of type III IFNs but not with IFN-β in pancreatic islets from human donors following CVB3 infection [39]; Associated with the production of β-cell autoantibodies (IAA, GADA, IA-2A) but not the development of T1D in Finnish population (Finnish DIPP study) [37]. |
rs35667974 | NC_000002.12:g.162268127T>C (NP_071451.2:p.Ile923Val) | T1D OR 0.59 [40]; EV prevalence in stools, OR 0.86 [38] | Association was not observed with the frequency of EV RNA in stools from Norwegian newborns [38]. | |
rs35337543 | NC_000002.12:g.162279995C>G; NC_000002.12:g.162279995C>T | EV prevalence in stools, OR 0.78 [38] | Association was not observed with the frequency of EV RNA in stools from Norwegian newborns [38]. | |
rs35744605 | NC_000002.12:g.162277580C>A, C>G, C>T; (NP_071451.2:p.Glu627Ter, Gln, Lys) | EV prevalence in stools, OR 0.90 [38] | Association was not observed with the frequency of EV RNA in stools from Norwegian newborns [38]. | |
rs35732034 | NC_000002.12:g.162268086C>T | EV prevalence in stools, OR 2.47 [38] | Marginally increased prevalence of EV RNA was observed in stools from Norwegian newborns [38]. | |
TYK2 | rs2304256 | NC_000019.10:g.10364976C>A (NP_003322.3:p.Val362Phe) | - | Associated with EVB presence in stools, but not with the presence of islet autoantibodies in the United States and European population [41]; Association was not observed with the presence of flu-like syndrome at T1D onset in Japanese population [42]. |
rs2304258, rs17000728, rs17000730, rs2304259, rs891696485, rs953883300 | NC_000019.10:g.10380510C>T; NC_000019.10:g.10380511C>T; NC_000019.10:g.10380572T>C; NC_000019.10:g.10380676T>G; NC_000019.10:g.10381501A>C, A>T; NC_000019.10:g.10381502C>T | T1D, OR 2.4 [42]; T1D with flu-like syndrome, OR 3.6 [42]; T1D without GADA, OR 3.3 [42]; T2D, OR 2.1 [42]; T1D, OR 1.89; T1D, HR 1.21 [37] | These SNPs, named TYK2 promoter variant (ClinVar, 440728), showed the risk of T1D, especially high risk in T1D associated with flu-like syndrome at the onset and those with GADA negative in Japanese population [42,43]. | |
CXADR | rs6517774 | NC_000021.9:g.17449955A>G | The association with islet autoimmunity, OR 1.47 [41] | The lower detection of EVB in stools in the United States and European population [41]. |
PTPN22 | rs2476601 | NC_000001.11:g.113834946A>G (NP_057051.3:p.Arg620Trp) | T1D, OR 1.89 [40]; T1D, OR 1.96 [44]; T1D, HR 1.97 [37]; The association with islet autoimmunity, OR 1.99 [41] | The prolonged shedding or consecutive positive for EVB, HAdV-C, HAdV-F in stools in the United States and European population [41]. |
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Mine, K.; Yoshikai, Y.; Takahashi, H.; Mori, H.; Anzai, K.; Nagafuchi, S. Genetic Susceptibility of the Host in Virus-Induced Diabetes. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081133
Mine K, Yoshikai Y, Takahashi H, Mori H, Anzai K, Nagafuchi S. Genetic Susceptibility of the Host in Virus-Induced Diabetes. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(8):1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081133
Chicago/Turabian StyleMine, Keiichiro, Yasunobu Yoshikai, Hirokazu Takahashi, Hitoe Mori, Keizo Anzai, and Seiho Nagafuchi. 2020. "Genetic Susceptibility of the Host in Virus-Induced Diabetes" Microorganisms 8, no. 8: 1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081133