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Microorganisms
Volume 8
Issue 8
10.3390/microorganisms8081130
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Article

Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae and Contact to Animals in Estonia

by
Kaidi Telling
1,*,
Age Brauer
2,
Mailis Laht
3,
Piret Kalmus
4,
Karolin Toompere
5,
Veljo Kisand
3,
Matti Maimets
6,7,
Maido Remm
2,
Tanel Tenson
3 and
Irja Lutsar
1
1
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
2
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
3
Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
4
The Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
5
Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
6
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
7
Infection Control Department, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2020, 8(8), 1130; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081130
Received: 22 June 2020 / Revised: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 / Published: 27 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deciphering the Crosswalk Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance between Different Reservoirs)
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Abstract

We have attempted to define the prevalence and risk factors of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-Enterobacteriaceae) carriage, and to characterize antimicrobial susceptibility, beta-lactamase genes, and major types of isolated strains in volunteers, with a specific focus on humans in contact with animals. Samples were collected from 207 volunteers (veterinarians, pig farmers, dog owners, etc.) and cultured on selective agar. Clonal relationships of the isolated ESBL-Enterobacteriaceae were determined by whole genome sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing. Beta-lactamases were detected using a homology search. Subjects filled in questionnaires analyzed by univariate and multiple logistic regression. Colonization with ESBL-Enterobacteriaceae was found in fecal samples of 14 individuals (6.8%; 95%CI: 3.75–11.09%). In multiple regression analysis, working as a pig farmer was a significant risk factor for ESBL-Enterobacteriaceae carriage (OR 4.8; 95%CI 1.2–19.1). The only species isolated was Escherichia coli that distributed into 11 sequence types. All ESBL-Enterobacteriaceae isolates were of CTX-M genotype, with the blaCTX-M-1 being the most prevalent and more common in pig farmers than in other groups. Despite the generally low prevalence of ESBL-Enterobacteriaceae in Estonia, the pig farmers may still pose a threat to transfer resistant microorganisms. The clinical relevance of predominant blaCTX-M-1 carrying E. coli is still unclear and needs further studies. View Full-Text
Keywords: ESBL; Escherichia coli; healthy volunteer; one health; CTX-M; whole genome sequencing ESBL; Escherichia coli; healthy volunteer; one health; CTX-M; whole genome sequencing
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MDPI and ACS Style

Telling, K.; Brauer, A.; Laht, M.; Kalmus, P.; Toompere, K.; Kisand, V.; Maimets, M.; Remm, M.; Tenson, T.; Lutsar, I. Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae and Contact to Animals in Estonia. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1130. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081130

AMA Style

Telling K, Brauer A, Laht M, Kalmus P, Toompere K, Kisand V, Maimets M, Remm M, Tenson T, Lutsar I. Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae and Contact to Animals in Estonia. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(8):1130. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081130

Chicago/Turabian Style

Telling, Kaidi, Age Brauer, Mailis Laht, Piret Kalmus, Karolin Toompere, Veljo Kisand, Matti Maimets, Maido Remm, Tanel Tenson, and Irja Lutsar. 2020. "Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae and Contact to Animals in Estonia" Microorganisms 8, no. 8: 1130. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081130

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