DNA- and RNA- Derived Fungal Communities in Subsurface Aquifers Only Partly Overlap but React Similarly to Environmental Factors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Groundwater Sample Collection
2.3. Physico-Chemical Analysis of Groundwater Samples
2.4. Nucleic Acid Extraction, Amplicon Library Preparation and Pair-End Illumina Sequencing
2.5. Bioinformatics Processing of Sequence Data
2.6. Statistical Processing
2.7. Functional Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Illumina Sequencing of DNA- and RNA-Derived Fungal Communities
3.2. Fungal Species Richness of DNA- and RNA-Derived Communities
3.3. Taxonomic Differences between DNA- and RNA-Derived Fungal Communities
3.4. DNA- and RNA-Derived Fungal Communities and Significant Environmental Factors
3.5. Distinct Functional Guilds of DNA- and RNA-Derived Fungal Community
4. Discussion
4.1. The Total and Active Fungal Communities Have Similar Structure but Different Community Composition
4.2. Does the DNA-Derived Fungal Community Represent the Total Fungal Community?
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factors | DNA-derived Community | RNA-derived Community | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | P | R2 | P | |
Extraction °T | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.11 |
EC25 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.11 |
pH | 0.02 | 0.86 | 0.03 | 0.82 |
ORP | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.10 | 0.28 |
O2 | 0.09 | 0.33 | 0.10 | 0.27 |
NH4+ | 0.24 | 0.01 * | 0.26 | 0.01 * |
PO4 | 0.04 | 0.68 | 0.04 | 0.72 |
TIC | 0.03 | 0.81 | 0.01 | 0.91 |
NO3− | 0.06 | 0.49 | 0.06 | 0.50 |
SO42− | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.22 |
Cl− | 0.22 | 0.03 * | 0.24 | 0.02 * |
Ca2+ | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.04 * |
Fet | 0.08 | 0.41 | 0.08 | 0.38 |
K+ | 0.21 | 0.03 * | 0.23 | 0.03 * |
Mg2+ | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.21 | 0.03 * |
Na+ | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.07 |
St | 0.10 | 0.28 | 0.10 | 0.23 |
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Nawaz, A.; Purahong, W.; Herrmann, M.; Küsel, K.; Buscot, F.; Wubet, T. DNA- and RNA- Derived Fungal Communities in Subsurface Aquifers Only Partly Overlap but React Similarly to Environmental Factors. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090341
Nawaz A, Purahong W, Herrmann M, Küsel K, Buscot F, Wubet T. DNA- and RNA- Derived Fungal Communities in Subsurface Aquifers Only Partly Overlap but React Similarly to Environmental Factors. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(9):341. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090341
Chicago/Turabian StyleNawaz, Ali, Witoon Purahong, Martina Herrmann, Kirsten Küsel, François Buscot, and Tesfaye Wubet. 2019. "DNA- and RNA- Derived Fungal Communities in Subsurface Aquifers Only Partly Overlap but React Similarly to Environmental Factors" Microorganisms 7, no. 9: 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090341