Probiotic Properties In Vitro of Bacillus velezensis FJAT-57093 with Antibacterial Activity Against the Aquatic Pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila

Chen, Yanping; Li, Suyi; Li, Wenjie; Zheng, Xuefang; Chen, Meichun; Liu, Xin; Lan, Jianglin; Wang, Jieping

doi:10.3390/microorganisms14010041

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Probiotic Properties In Vitro of Bacillus velezensis FJAT-57093 with Antibacterial Activity Against the Aquatic Pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila

by

Yanping Chen

¹,

Suyi Li

²,

Wenjie Li

¹,

Xuefang Zheng

¹,

Meichun Chen

¹,

Xin Liu

¹,

Jianglin Lan

^1,* and

Jieping Wang

^1,*

¹

Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China

²

Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Microorganisms 2026, 14(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010041

Submission received: 19 November 2025 / Revised: 20 December 2025 / Accepted: 21 December 2025 / Published: 23 December 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance)

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to acquire endospore-former(s) for aquatic animal feed based on the probiotic potential in vitro, including the anti-pathogen spectrum, gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, antioxidant activity, enzyme-producing ability, and basic safety assessment. The strain Bacillus velezensis FJAT-57093 was found to exhibit the strongest antibacterial ability against Aeromonas hydrophila in the agar well diffusion inhibition assays from 111 Bacillus-like strains. Moreover, the results showed that the compounds of the strain FJAT-57093 enriched by acid precipitation might be the main antibacterial metabolites. The strain FJAT-57093 also exhibited antibacterial effects against the aquatic pathogens Photobacterium damselae, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus. The safety assessment revealed that the strain FJAT-57093 was non-hemolytic and susceptible to ten antibiotics. The putative virulence and antibiotic resistance genes predicted were predominantly intrinsic to the FJAT-57093 genome. Furthermore, the strain FJAT-57093 demonstrated a tolerance of acid and bile salt under the simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, extracellular enzyme-producing abilities, as well as an auto-aggregation rate of 45.88% at 24 h and co-aggregation rates with the aforementioned five aquatic pathogens, ranging from 14.87% to 58.55%. Additionally, its extracellular metabolites displayed strong antioxidant activities, with ABTS⁺ and DPPH radical scavenging rates of up to 99.82% and 42.74%, respectively. In summary, the strain B. velezensis FJAT-57093 was found to possess strong antibacterial activities against multiple aquatic pathogens and desirable in vitro probiotic properties.

Keywords: Bacillus velezensis; Aeromonas hydrophila; aquatic probiotics; probiotic properties; safety assessment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, Y.; Li, S.; Li, W.; Zheng, X.; Chen, M.; Liu, X.; Lan, J.; Wang, J. Probiotic Properties In Vitro of Bacillus velezensis FJAT-57093 with Antibacterial Activity Against the Aquatic Pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. Microorganisms 2026, 14, 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010041

AMA Style

Chen Y, Li S, Li W, Zheng X, Chen M, Liu X, Lan J, Wang J. Probiotic Properties In Vitro of Bacillus velezensis FJAT-57093 with Antibacterial Activity Against the Aquatic Pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. Microorganisms. 2026; 14(1):41. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010041

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Yanping, Suyi Li, Wenjie Li, Xuefang Zheng, Meichun Chen, Xin Liu, Jianglin Lan, and Jieping Wang. 2026. "Probiotic Properties In Vitro of Bacillus velezensis FJAT-57093 with Antibacterial Activity Against the Aquatic Pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila" Microorganisms 14, no. 1: 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010041

APA Style

Chen, Y., Li, S., Li, W., Zheng, X., Chen, M., Liu, X., Lan, J., & Wang, J. (2026). Probiotic Properties In Vitro of Bacillus velezensis FJAT-57093 with Antibacterial Activity Against the Aquatic Pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. Microorganisms, 14(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010041

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Probiotic Properties In Vitro of Bacillus velezensis FJAT-57093 with Antibacterial Activity Against the Aquatic Pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila

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