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Microorganisms
Volume 14
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10.3390/microorganisms14010102
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Transcriptomic Analysis of Fusarium verticillioides Across Different Cultivation Periods Reveals Dynamic Gene Expression Changes

by
Meng-Ling Deng
1,2,†,
Jun-Jun He
2,†,
Xin-Yan Xie
2,‡,
Jian-Fa Yang
2,
Fan-Fan Shu
2,
Feng-Cai Zou
1,2,
Lu-Yang Wang
2,* and
Jun Ma
2,*
1
Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
2
The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
‡
Current address: Xuanwei Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Inspection Institute, Qujing 655400, China.
Microorganisms 2026, 14(1), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010102
Submission received: 12 November 2025 / Revised: 30 December 2025 / Accepted: 31 December 2025 / Published: 2 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Microbial Adaptation and Evolution)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Fusarium verticillioides is a common pathogenic fungus of corn since it causes severe yield losses and produces mycotoxins to threaten the health of both humans and livestock. Although extensive research has characterized specific genetic and environmental factors influencing mycotoxin production, a systematic understanding of the temporal transcriptional dynamics governing its developmental progression remains lacking. This study addresses this critical knowledge gap through a time-series transcriptomic analysis of F. verticillioides at four key cultivation stages (3, 5, 7, and 9 days post-inoculation). Transcriptomic analysis identified 1928, 2818, and 1934 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparisons of FV3 vs. FV5, FV5 vs. FV7, and FV7 vs. FV9, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment revealed 76, 106, and 56 significantly enriched terms across these comparisons, with “integral component of membrane” consistently being the most enriched cellular component. Pathway analysis demonstrated “amino acid metabolism” and “carbohydrate metabolism” as the most significantly enriched metabolic pathways. Notably, the fumonisin (FUM) and fusaric acid (FA) biosynthetic gene clusters exhibited coordinated peak expression during the early cultivation, followed by progressive decline. Mfuzz clustering further delineated 12 distinct expression trajectories, highlighting the dynamic transcriptional networks underlying fungal adaptation. This work provided the first comprehensive temporal transcriptome of F. verticillioides, establishing a foundational resource for understanding its stage-specific biology and revealing potential time-sensitive targets for future intervention strategies.
Keywords: Fusarium verticillioides; dynamic transcriptomic profiling; gene expression; cultivation periods Fusarium verticillioides; dynamic transcriptomic profiling; gene expression; cultivation periods

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MDPI and ACS Style

Deng, M.-L.; He, J.-J.; Xie, X.-Y.; Yang, J.-F.; Shu, F.-F.; Zou, F.-C.; Wang, L.-Y.; Ma, J. Transcriptomic Analysis of Fusarium verticillioides Across Different Cultivation Periods Reveals Dynamic Gene Expression Changes. Microorganisms 2026, 14, 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010102

AMA Style

Deng M-L, He J-J, Xie X-Y, Yang J-F, Shu F-F, Zou F-C, Wang L-Y, Ma J. Transcriptomic Analysis of Fusarium verticillioides Across Different Cultivation Periods Reveals Dynamic Gene Expression Changes. Microorganisms. 2026; 14(1):102. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010102

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deng, Meng-Ling, Jun-Jun He, Xin-Yan Xie, Jian-Fa Yang, Fan-Fan Shu, Feng-Cai Zou, Lu-Yang Wang, and Jun Ma. 2026. "Transcriptomic Analysis of Fusarium verticillioides Across Different Cultivation Periods Reveals Dynamic Gene Expression Changes" Microorganisms 14, no. 1: 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010102

APA Style

Deng, M.-L., He, J.-J., Xie, X.-Y., Yang, J.-F., Shu, F.-F., Zou, F.-C., Wang, L.-Y., & Ma, J. (2026). Transcriptomic Analysis of Fusarium verticillioides Across Different Cultivation Periods Reveals Dynamic Gene Expression Changes. Microorganisms, 14(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010102

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