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Microorganisms
Volume 13
Issue 9
10.3390/microorganisms13092208
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Case Report

Periorbital and Central Nervous System Infection Due to Arcanobacterium haemolyticum: Case Report and Review of the Literature

by
Pierangelo Chinello
1,*,
Alessandro Capone
1,
Samir Al Moghazi
1,
Paolo Cirillo
1,
Carla Fontana
2,† and
Stefania Cicalini
1,†
1
Systemic and Immune Depression-Associated Infections Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
2
Microbiology and Biobank Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(9), 2208; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092208 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 11 July 2025 / Revised: 10 September 2025 / Accepted: 18 September 2025 / Published: 20 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Microbiology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a facultative anaerobe, catalase-negative, Gram-positive pleomorphic rod, most commonly responsible for pharyngeal infections. Invasive A. haemolyticum infections are rare and typically involve immunocompromised patients; however, severe and invasive infections in immunocompetent patients have also been reported. Here we describe a case of sinusitis complicated by periorbital cellulitis, subdural empyema and cerebritis due to A. haemolyticum in an immunocompetent patient. The patient was initially treated with daptomycin + piperacillin/tazobactam and subsequently with linezolid + meropenem and required multiple surgical interventions to attain source control. Although uncommon, A. haemolyticum should be considered as a causative agent of severe infections complicating pharyngitis or sinusitis that may result from local extension or haematogenous spread, even in an immunocompetent host. We also present a literature review on central nervous system involvement by A. haemolyticum infection.
Keywords: Arcanobacterium haemolyticum; sinusitis; periorbital cellulitis; subdural empyema; cerebritis Arcanobacterium haemolyticum; sinusitis; periorbital cellulitis; subdural empyema; cerebritis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chinello, P.; Capone, A.; Al Moghazi, S.; Cirillo, P.; Fontana, C.; Cicalini, S. Periorbital and Central Nervous System Infection Due to Arcanobacterium haemolyticum: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092208

AMA Style

Chinello P, Capone A, Al Moghazi S, Cirillo P, Fontana C, Cicalini S. Periorbital and Central Nervous System Infection Due to Arcanobacterium haemolyticum: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(9):2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092208

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chinello, Pierangelo, Alessandro Capone, Samir Al Moghazi, Paolo Cirillo, Carla Fontana, and Stefania Cicalini. 2025. "Periorbital and Central Nervous System Infection Due to Arcanobacterium haemolyticum: Case Report and Review of the Literature" Microorganisms 13, no. 9: 2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092208

APA Style

Chinello, P., Capone, A., Al Moghazi, S., Cirillo, P., Fontana, C., & Cicalini, S. (2025). Periorbital and Central Nervous System Infection Due to Arcanobacterium haemolyticum: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Microorganisms, 13(9), 2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092208

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