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Microorganisms
Volume 13
Issue 12
10.3390/microorganisms13122657
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Biosynthesized Silver Selenide Nanoparticles from Meyerozyma guilliermondii as a Novel Adjuvant to Revolutionize Gentamicin Therapy

by
Min Xu
1,
Lei Yang
2,
Ya-Wei Zhang
3,4,
Chao Wu
1,3,4,
Yuan-Yuan Cheng
2 and
Hao Xue
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2
School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
3
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
4
Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(12), 2657; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13122657 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 21 October 2025 / Revised: 15 November 2025 / Accepted: 19 November 2025 / Published: 22 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Topic Antimicrobial Agents and Nanomaterials—2nd Edition)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of novel antimicrobial agents and therapeutic strategies. This study reports the extracellular biosynthesis of silver selenide nanoparticles (Ag2Se NPs) using Meyerozyma guilliermondii PG-1 and evaluates their antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy, both alone and in combination with gentamicin. The NPs were thoroughly characterized, confirming their nanoscale size, crystallinity, and biomolecule-mediated stability. Ag2Se NPs exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) pathogens and showed strong synergy with gentamicin, particularly against P. aeruginosa and E. coli, as demonstrated through checkerboard and time–kill assays. The NPs also significantly inhibited biofilm formation and disrupted pre-formed biofilms. Mechanistic studies revealed that the antibacterial effects involved membrane disruption, ATP leakage, and elevated oxidative stress, while gene expression analysis in S. aureus indicated triggered stress responses related to biofilm formation. These findings suggest that biosynthesized Ag2Se NPs represent a promising synergistic agent for enhancing antibiotic efficacy and combating biofilm-related infections.
Keywords: silver selenide nanoparticles; Se2Ag NPs; biosynthesis; antibiotics; synergy; gentamicin; biofilm; reactive oxygen species; membrane disruption silver selenide nanoparticles; Se2Ag NPs; biosynthesis; antibiotics; synergy; gentamicin; biofilm; reactive oxygen species; membrane disruption

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MDPI and ACS Style

Xu, M.; Yang, L.; Zhang, Y.-W.; Wu, C.; Cheng, Y.-Y.; Xue, H. Biosynthesized Silver Selenide Nanoparticles from Meyerozyma guilliermondii as a Novel Adjuvant to Revolutionize Gentamicin Therapy. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13122657

AMA Style

Xu M, Yang L, Zhang Y-W, Wu C, Cheng Y-Y, Xue H. Biosynthesized Silver Selenide Nanoparticles from Meyerozyma guilliermondii as a Novel Adjuvant to Revolutionize Gentamicin Therapy. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(12):2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13122657

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu, Min, Lei Yang, Ya-Wei Zhang, Chao Wu, Yuan-Yuan Cheng, and Hao Xue. 2025. "Biosynthesized Silver Selenide Nanoparticles from Meyerozyma guilliermondii as a Novel Adjuvant to Revolutionize Gentamicin Therapy" Microorganisms 13, no. 12: 2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13122657

APA Style

Xu, M., Yang, L., Zhang, Y.-W., Wu, C., Cheng, Y.-Y., & Xue, H. (2025). Biosynthesized Silver Selenide Nanoparticles from Meyerozyma guilliermondii as a Novel Adjuvant to Revolutionize Gentamicin Therapy. Microorganisms, 13(12), 2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13122657

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