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10.3390/microorganisms12050931
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Article

Innovative Biomarkers for Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Based on Bifidobacterium and Metabolomic Profiling

by
Angelica Nobili
1,
Marco Pane
2,
Mariya Skvortsova
3,
Meryam Ben Salem
3,
Stephan Morgenthaler
3,4,
Emily Jamieson
3,
Marina Di Stefano
1,
Eirini Bathrellou
5,
Eirini Mamalaki
5,
Victoria Ramos-Garcia
6,
Julia Kuligowski
6,
Miltiadis Vasileiadis
7,
Panagiotis Georgiadis
7,
Marika Falcone
1 and
Paulo Refinetti
3,*
1
Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
2
Probiotical Research, 28100 Novara, Italy
3
REM Analytics SA, 1870 Monthey, Switzerland
4
Department of Mathematics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
5
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
6
Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
7
Alpes Lasers SA, 2072 St. Blaise, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2024, 12(5), 931; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050931
Submission received: 9 April 2024 / Revised: 17 April 2024 / Accepted: 18 April 2024 / Published: 3 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Strategies in the Study of the Human Gut Microbiota 2.0)
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Abstract

The role of Bifidobacterium species and microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and human milk oligosaccharides in controlling intestinal inflammation and the pathogenesis of obesity and type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been largely studied in recent years. This paper discusses the discovery of signature biomarkers for obesity and T1D based on data from a novel test for profiling several Bifidobacterium species, combined with metabolomic analysis. Through the NUTRISHIELD clinical study, a total of 98 children were recruited: 40 healthy controls, 40 type 1 diabetics, and 18 obese children. Bifidobacterium profiles were assessed in stool samples through an innovative test allowing high taxonomic resolution and precise quantification, while SCFAs and branched amino acids were measured in urine samples through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). KIDMED questionnaires were used to evaluate the children’s dietary habits and correlate them with the Bifidobacterium and metabolomic profiles. We found that B. longum subs. infantis and B. breve were higher in individuals with obesity, while B. bifidum and B. longum subs. longum were lower compared to healthy individuals. In individuals with T1D, alterations were found at the metabolic level, with an overall increase in the level of the most measured metabolites. The high taxonomic resolution of the Bifidobacterium test used meant strong correlations between the concentrations of valine and isoleucine, and the relative abundance of some Bifidobacterium species such as B. longum subs. infantis, B. breve, and B. bifidum could be observed.
Keywords: gut microbiome; Bifidobacterium; short-chain fatty acids; branched amino acids; obesity; type 1 diabetes; children; capillary electrophoresis gut microbiome; Bifidobacterium; short-chain fatty acids; branched amino acids; obesity; type 1 diabetes; children; capillary electrophoresis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nobili, A.; Pane, M.; Skvortsova, M.; Ben Salem, M.; Morgenthaler, S.; Jamieson, E.; Di Stefano, M.; Bathrellou, E.; Mamalaki, E.; Ramos-Garcia, V.; et al. Innovative Biomarkers for Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Based on Bifidobacterium and Metabolomic Profiling. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050931

AMA Style

Nobili A, Pane M, Skvortsova M, Ben Salem M, Morgenthaler S, Jamieson E, Di Stefano M, Bathrellou E, Mamalaki E, Ramos-Garcia V, et al. Innovative Biomarkers for Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Based on Bifidobacterium and Metabolomic Profiling. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(5):931. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050931

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nobili, Angelica, Marco Pane, Mariya Skvortsova, Meryam Ben Salem, Stephan Morgenthaler, Emily Jamieson, Marina Di Stefano, Eirini Bathrellou, Eirini Mamalaki, Victoria Ramos-Garcia, and et al. 2024. "Innovative Biomarkers for Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Based on Bifidobacterium and Metabolomic Profiling" Microorganisms 12, no. 5: 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050931

APA Style

Nobili, A., Pane, M., Skvortsova, M., Ben Salem, M., Morgenthaler, S., Jamieson, E., Di Stefano, M., Bathrellou, E., Mamalaki, E., Ramos-Garcia, V., Kuligowski, J., Vasileiadis, M., Georgiadis, P., Falcone, M., & Refinetti, P. (2024). Innovative Biomarkers for Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Based on Bifidobacterium and Metabolomic Profiling. Microorganisms, 12(5), 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050931

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