Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Endometriosis: Birds of a Feather Flock Together—A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
2.1. Insights on Irritable Bowel Syndrome
2.2. Dysbiosis in IBS
Bacteria | Dysregulation | References | |
---|---|---|---|
Phyla | Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio | ↑ | [63] |
Bacteroidetes | ↑↓ | [59,60,61,63] | |
Species | Barnesiella intestinihominis | ↓ | [58] |
Coprococcus | ↓ | [57,58] | |
Clostridium | ↑ | [63] | |
Ruminococcus | ↑ | [58] | |
Lactobacillus | ↓ | [64] | |
Bifidobacterium | ↓ | [64] | |
Escherichia coli | ↓ | [64] | |
Prevotella | ↓ | [61] |
IBS and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
2.3. Therapeutical Implications
2.3.1. Low FODMAP Diet
2.3.2. Prebiotics and Probiotics
2.3.3. Antibiotics
2.3.4. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
3. Microbiota in Endometriosis
3.1. Insights on Endometriosis
3.2. Dysbiosis in Endometriosis
Bacteria | Dysregulation | References | |
---|---|---|---|
Phyla | Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio | ↑ | [154,155] |
Bacteroidetes | ↑ | [160,161] | |
Proteobacteria | ↑ | [160,161] | |
Species | Escherichia coli | ↑ | [160,161] |
Streptococcus | ↑ | [28] | |
Gardnerella | ↑↓ | [28,160] | |
Clostridium | ↓ | [162] | |
Ruminococcus | ↓ | [162] | |
Prevotella | ↑ | [160,161] |
Female Genital Tract Microbiome
3.3. Therapeutical Implications
3.3.1. Low FODMAP Diet
3.3.2. Prebiotics and Probiotics
3.3.3. Antibiotics
3.3.4. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
4. Current Limitations and Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Salmeri, N.; Sinagra, E.; Dolci, C.; Buzzaccarini, G.; Sozzi, G.; Sutera, M.; Candiani, M.; Ungaro, F.; Massimino, L.; Danese, S.; et al. Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Endometriosis: Birds of a Feather Flock Together—A Review. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082089
Salmeri N, Sinagra E, Dolci C, Buzzaccarini G, Sozzi G, Sutera M, Candiani M, Ungaro F, Massimino L, Danese S, et al. Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Endometriosis: Birds of a Feather Flock Together—A Review. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(8):2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082089
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalmeri, Noemi, Emanuele Sinagra, Carolina Dolci, Giovanni Buzzaccarini, Giulio Sozzi, Miriam Sutera, Massimo Candiani, Federica Ungaro, Luca Massimino, Silvio Danese, and et al. 2023. "Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Endometriosis: Birds of a Feather Flock Together—A Review" Microorganisms 11, no. 8: 2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082089