Bacterial Profiles of Brain in Downer Cattle with Unknown Etiology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bovine Brain Sample Collection and Diagnosis Based on the Necropsy, Pathological, and Clinical Examination
2.2. DNA Extraction from Brain Tissues
2.3. Sequencing Library Preparation and Amplicon Sequencing
2.4. Pre-Processing of Sequence Data and Microbiota Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Diagnosis Result of Downer and Normal Cattle
3.2. Differences in Bacterial Structure and Diversity between the Downer and Normal Cattle
3.3. Representative Genera in the Brain Microbiota of the Downer and Normal Cattle
3.4. Bacterial Network from Brain Microbiota between Downer and Normal Cattle
3.5. Predicted Functional genes in the Brain Microbiota between Downer and Normal Cattle
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Downer Cattle | Normal Cattle |
---|---|---|
Number of brain tissue sample (Mixed brain, forebrain, midbrain, cerebellum, hindbrain, brainstem) | 57 (10, 11, 11, 9, 10, 6) | 42 (0, 8, 9, 9, 8, 8) |
Number of bovine type (Korean beef, beef cattle, dairy cattle) | 21 (12, 1, 8) | 9 (9, 0, 0) |
Average age of bovine sample (months) | 52.2 | 29.1 |
Sex (male, female) | 9, 48 | 42, 0 |
Number of brain samples with pathogenic bacteria isolated | 9 | 0 |
Number of brain samples with virus detected | 5 | 0 |
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Park, Y.-J.; Kang, G.-U.; Jeong, M.; Singh, V.; Kim, J.; Lee, K.; Choi, E.-J.; Kim, H.-J.; Lee, S.; Lee, S.-Y.; et al. Bacterial Profiles of Brain in Downer Cattle with Unknown Etiology. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010098
Park Y-J, Kang G-U, Jeong M, Singh V, Kim J, Lee K, Choi E-J, Kim H-J, Lee S, Lee S-Y, et al. Bacterial Profiles of Brain in Downer Cattle with Unknown Etiology. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(1):98. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010098
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Yeong-Jun, Gi-Ung Kang, Minsoo Jeong, Vineet Singh, Jongho Kim, Kyunghyun Lee, Eun-Jin Choi, Heui-Jin Kim, Seungjun Lee, Sook-Young Lee, and et al. 2023. "Bacterial Profiles of Brain in Downer Cattle with Unknown Etiology" Microorganisms 11, no. 1: 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010098