The Multifunctions and Future Prospects of Endophytes and Their Metabolites in Plant Disease Management
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Concept and Types of Endophytes
3. Multifunctions of Endophytes and Their Metabolites in Plant Disease Management
3.1. Competition with Pathogens for Niche and Nutrition
Metabolites/Compounds | Endophytic Strain | Host Plant/Isolated From | Properties/Mechanisms | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
ND | Ten endophytes functionally annotated | Pine | Niche exclusion | [51] |
ND | Bacillus cereus BCM2, B. cereus SZ5, B. altitudinis CCM7 etc. | Strawberry, persimmon, chili, tomato | Niche exclusion | [52] |
ND | Pyrenochaeta cava, M. nivalis var. neglecta | Elm | Niche exclusion | [53] |
ND | Burkholderia gladioli E39CS3 | Crocus sativus Linn. | Inducing plant resistance | [54] |
ZhiNengCong, ZNC | Paecilomyces Variotii SJ1 | Tobacco | Inducing plant resistance | [55] |
ND | Bacillus sp. 2P2 | Tomato | Inducing plant resistance | [56] |
Antimicrobial compounds, cell wall degradation enzymes, etc. | Streptomyces albidoflavus OsiLf-2 | Rice | Inducing plant resistance; lytic enzyme activity; antimicrobial activity | [57] |
Hydrolytic enzymes, protease, siderophore, IAA, etc. | Klebsiella pneumoniae HR1 | Vigna mungo L. | Inducing plant resistance; lytic enzyme activity; promoting plant growth | [58] |
Antimicrobial compounds | Pseudomonas viridiflava | Canola | Antimicrobial activity; inducing plant resistance | [59] |
Antifungal compounds | Pseudomonas aeruginosa H40, Stenotrophomonas maltophila H8, Bacillus subtilis H18 | P. sativum, B. oleracea, C. annuum | Antimicrobial activity; inducing plant resistance | [60] |
Antimicrobial compounds | Penicillium, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Daldinia, Alternaria, Didymella | Zanthoxylum simulans Hance | Antimicrobial activity | [61] |
Eugenol, myristaldehyde, lauric acid, caprylic acid | Neopestalotiopsis sp., Diaporthe sp. | Cinnamomum loureiroi | Antimicrobial activity | [62] |
Ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol | Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus | Moringa peregrina | Antimicrobial activity | [63] |
Erythromycin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, chloramphenicol etc. | Streptomyces olivaceus BPSAC77, Streptomyces sp. BPSAC121 etc. | Rhynchotoechum ellipticum | Antimicrobial activity | [64] |
Volatile substances | Pseudomonas putida BP25 | Black pepper | Antimicrobial activity | [65] |
Antifungal compounds | Phomopis cassia | Cassia spectabilis | Antimicrobial activity | [66] |
Lipases, proteases, amylases, cellulases, pectinases, xylanases | Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Paenibacillus, Streptococcus, Curtobacterium, Chryseobacterium, Bacillus | Some poaceae plants | Lytic enzyme activity | [67] |
Amylase, protease, cellulase, pectinase, lipase | Doritis pulcherrima, Dendrobiuma phyllum, Dendrobium anosmum, Ascocentrum curvifolium, Aerides falcata | Thai orchids | Lytic enzyme activity | [68] |
Proteolytic enzymes, cellulase | Phoma putaminum, Penicillium, Myrmecridium schulzeri | Bauhinia forficata | Lytic enzyme activity | [69] |
Chitinase | Streptomyces sp. P4 | Sweet pea | Lytic enzyme activity | [70] |
IAA | Staphylococcus pasteuri MBL_B3; Kocuria sp. MBL_B19 etc. | Corchorus olitorius | Promoting plant growth | [71] |
Siderophore, IAA | Ralstonia sp. | Poaceae | Promoting plant growth | [72] |
Siderophore, IAA, gibberellic acid | Streptomyces spp. | Terfezia leonis Tul | Promoting plant growth | [73] |
Gibberellins | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 | Rice seeds | Promoting plant growth | [74] |
Indol acetic acid | B. subtilis NA-108 | Fragaria ananassa | Promoting plant growth | [75] |
3.2. Induction of Plant Disease Resistance
3.3. Antimicrobial Properties of Metabolites from Endophytes
3.4. Lytic Enzyme Activity of Metabolites from Endophytes
3.5. Promotion of Plant Growth by Metabolites from Endophytes
4. Application of Endophytes and Their Metabolites as Novel BCAs in Agriculture
5. Multi-Omics Approaches for Mining Bioactive Metabolites from Endophytes
6. Conclusions and Future Prospects
- (i)
- Many endophytes are uncultured and unidentified.
- (ii)
- There are no available databases for endophytes and their metabolites.
- (iii)
- Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of plant–endophyte interactions is limited.
- (iv)
- Biocontrol effects of endophytes are not definitely stable in field trials.
- (v)
- Yield of metabolites by fermentation is low.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Hasan, S.; Anand, S. Biopotential of microbial antagonists against soilborne fungal plant pathogens. Int. J. Agric. Food Sci. Technol. 2013, 4, 37–39. [Google Scholar]
- Vinale, F.; Sivasithamparam, K.; Ghisalberti, E.L.; Marra, R.; Woo, S.L.; Lorito, M. Trichoderma–plant–pathogen interactions. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2008, 40, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dutta, D.; Puzari, K.C.; Gogoi, R.; Dutta, P. Endophytes: Exploitation as a tool in plant protection. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 2014, 57, 621–629. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rabiey, M.; Hailey, L.E.; Roy, S.R.; Grenz, K.; Al-Zadjali, M.A.S.; Barrett, G.A.; Jackson, R.W. Endophytes vs tree pathogens and pests: Can they be used as biological control agents to improve tree health? Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2019, 155, 711–729. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wilson, D. Endophyte: The Evolution of a Term, and Clarification of Its Use and Definition. Oikos 1995, 73, 274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jia, M.; Chen, L.; Xin, H.-L.; Zheng, C.-J.; Rahman, K.; Han, T.; Qin, L.-P. A Friendly Relationship between Endophytic Fungi and Medicinal Plants: A Systematic Review. Front. Microbiol. 2016, 7, 906. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Khare, E.; Mishra, J.; Arora, N.K. Multifaceted Interactions Between Endophytes and Plant: Developments and Prospects. Front. Microbiol. 2018, 9, 2732. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yan, L.; Zhu, J.; Zhao, X.; Shi, J.; Jiang, C.; Shao, D. Beneficial effects of endophytic fungi colonization on plants. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2019, 103, 3327–3340. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khan, Z.; Doty, S.L. Characterization of bacterial endophytes of sweet potato plants. Plant Soil 2009, 322, 197–207. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ali, S.; Charles, T.; Glick, B. Delay of flower senescence by bacterial endophytes expressing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2012, 113, 1139–1144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ullah, A.; Nisar, M.; Ali, H.; Hazrat, A.; Hayat, K.; Keerio, A.A.; Ihsan, M.; Laiq, M.; Ullah, S.; Fahad, S.; et al. Drought tolerance improvement in plants: An endophytic bacterial approach. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2019, 103, 7385–7397. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gao, Y.; Ning, Q.; Yang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Niu, S.; Hu, X.; Pan, H.; Bu, Z.; Chen, N.; Guo, J.; et al. Endophytic Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2-Mediated Balancing between Growth and Disease Resistance in Host Rice. mBio 2021, 12, e01566-21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Benhamou, N.; Kloepper, J.W.; Quadt-Hallman, A.; Tuzun, S. Induction of Defense-Related Ultrastructural Modifications in Pea Root Tissues Inoculated with Endophytic Bacteria. Plant Physiol. 1996, 112, 919–929. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Dubey, A.; Malla, M.A.; Kumar, A.; Dayanandan, S.; Khan, M.L. Plants endophytes: Unveiling hidden agenda for bioprospecting toward sustainable agriculture. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 2020, 40, 1210–1231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martínez-Arias, C.; Plata, J.S.; Ormeño-Moncalvillo, S.; Gil, L.; Calcerrada, J.R.; Martín, J. Endophyte inoculation enhances Ulmus minor resistance to Dutch elm disease. Fungal Ecol. 2020, 50, 101024. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jacob, J.; Krishnan, G.V.; Thankappan, D.; Amma, D.K.B.N.S. 4-Endophytic bacterial strains induced systemic resistance in agriculturally important crop plants. In Microbial Endophytes; Kumar, A., Radhakrishnan, E.K., Eds.; Woodhead Publishing: Sawston, UK, 2020; pp. 75–105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kusari, S.; Singh, S.; Jayabaskaran, C. Biotechnological potential of plant-associated endophytic fungi: Hope versus hype. Trends Biotechnol. 2014, 32, 297–303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Joseph, B.; Priya, R.M. Bioactive Compounds from Endophytes and their Potential in Pharmaceutical Effect: A Review. Am. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2011, 1, 291–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gouda, S.; Das, G.; Sen, S.K.; Shin, H.-S.; Patra, J.K. Endophytes: A Treasure House of Bioactive Compounds of Medicinal Importance. Front. Microbiol. 2016, 7, 1538. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Singh, A.; Singh, D.; Kharwar, R.; White, J.; Gond, S. Fungal Endophytes as Efficient Sources of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and their Prospective Applications in Natural Product Drug Discovery: Insights, Avenues, and Challenges. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Singh, M.; Kumar, A.; Singh, R.; Pandey, K.D. Endophytic bacteria: A new source of bioactive compounds. 3 Biotech 2017, 7, 315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sturz, A.V.; Christie, B.R.; Nowak, J. Bacterial Endophytes: Potential Role in Developing Sustainable Systems of Crop Production. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 2000, 19, 1–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Enebe, M.C.; Babalola, O.O. The impact of microbes in the orchestration of plants’ resistance to biotic stress: A disease management approach. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2018, 103, 9–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Bary, A.D. Morphologie und Physiologie der Pilze, Flechten und Myxomyceten; Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany, 1866. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carroll, G.C. The biology of endophytism in plants with particular reference to woody perennials. In Microbiology of the Phyllosphere; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1986; pp. 205–222. [Google Scholar]
- Petrini, O. Fungal Endophytes of Tree Leaves. In Microbial Ecology of Leaves; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1991; pp. 179–2197. [Google Scholar]
- Stone, J.K.; Bacon, C.W.; White, J. An overview of endophytic microbes: Endophytism defined. Microb. Endophytes 2000, 1, 29–33. [Google Scholar]
- Rodriguez, R.J.; White, J.F., Jr.; Arnold, A.E.; Redman, R.S. Fungal endophytes: Diversity and functional roles. New Phytol. 2009, 182, 314–330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Terhonen, E.; Blumenstein, K.; Kovalchuk, A.; Asiegbu, F.O. Forest Tree Microbiomes and Associated Fungal Endophytes: Functional Roles and Impact on Forest Health. Forests 2019, 10, 42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Strobel, G.; Ford, E.; Worapong, J.; Harper, J.K.; Arif, A.M.; Grant, D.M.; Fung, P.C.; Chau, R.M.W. Isopestacin, an isobenzofuranone from Pestalotiopsis microspora, possessing antifungal and antioxidant activities. Phytochemistry 2002, 60, 179–183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Prakash, V.; Rana, S.; Sagar, A. Taxomyces andreanae: A source of anticancer drug. Int. J. Bot. Stud 2016, 1, 2455–2541X. [Google Scholar]
- Liang, Z.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, X.; Li, J.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, C. Endophytic Fungus from Sinopodophyllum emodi (Wall.) Ying that Produces Podophyllotoxin. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 2016, 54, 175–178. [Google Scholar]
- Sun, H.-q.; He, Y.; Xiao, Q.; Ye, R.; Tian, Y.J.A.J.o.M.R. Isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacteria from Polygonum cuspidatum. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 2013, 7, 1496–1504. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, L.-H.; Yuan, T.; Zhang, J.-Y.; Tang, G.-X.; Lü, H.; Zhao, H.-M.; Li, H.; Li, Y.-W.; Mo, C.-H.; Tan, Z.-Y.; et al. Diversity of endophytic bacteria in wild rice (Oryza meridionalis) and potential for promoting plant growth and degrading phthalates. Sci. Total Environ. 2021, 806, 150310. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Afzal, I.; Shinwari, Z.K.; Sikandar, S.; Shahzad, S. Plant beneficial endophytic bacteria: Mechanisms, diversity, host range and genetic determinants. Microbiol. Res. 2019, 221, 36–49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Qin, S.; Xing, K.; Jiang, J.-H.; Xu, L.-H.; Li, W.-J. Biodiversity, bioactive natural products and biotechnological potential of plant-associated endophytic actinobacteria. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010, 89, 457–473. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zin, N.M.; Remali, J.; Nasrom, M.N.; Ishak, S.A.; Baba, M.S.; Jalil, J. Bioactive compounds fractionated from endophyte Streptomyces SUK 08 with promising ex-vivo antimalarial activity. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2017, 7, 1062–1066. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Widiantini, F.; Herdiansyah, A.; Yulia, E. Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Healthy Rice Plant against Rice Blast Disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.). KnE Life Sci. 2017, 2, 287–295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martínez-Arias, C.; Macaya-Sanz, D.; Witzell, J.; Martín, J.A. Enhancement of Populus alba tolerance to Venturia tremulae upon inoculation with endophytes showing in vitro biocontrol potential. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2018, 153, 1031–1042. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Romeralo, C.; Witzell, J.; Romeralo-Tapia, R.; Botella, L.; Diez, J.J. Antagonistic activity of fungal endophyte filtrates against Gremmeniella abietina infections on Aleppo pine seedlings. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2015, 143, 691–704. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Romeralo, C.; Santamaría, O.; Pando, V.; Diez, J. Fungal endophytes reduce necrosis length produced by Gremmeniella abietina in Pinus halepensis seedlings. Biol. Control 2015, 80, 30–39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schlegel, M.; Dubach, V.; Von Buol, L.; Sieber, T.N. Effects of endophytic fungi on the ash dieback pathogen. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2016, 92, fiw142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Latz, M.; Jensen, B.; Collinge, D.; Jørgensen, H.J.L. Endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents: Elucidating mechanisms in disease suppression. Plant Ecol. Divers. 2018, 11, 555–567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bacon, C.W.; Yates, I.E.; Hinton, D.M.; Meredith, F. Biological control of Fusarium moniliforme in maize. Environ. Health Perspect. 2001, 109, 325–332. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Duijff, B.J.; Meijer, J.W.; Bakker, P.A.H.M.; Schippers, B. Siderophore-mediated competition for iron and induced resistance in the suppression of fusarium wilt of carnation by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 1993, 99, 277–289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zeng, J.; Xu, T.; Cao, L.; Tong, C.; Zhang, X.; Luo, D.; Han, S.; Pang, P.; Fu, W.; Yan, J.; et al. The Role of Iron Competition in the Antagonistic Action of the Rice Endophyte Streptomyces sporocinereus OsiSh-2 Against the Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Microb. Ecol. 2018, 76, 1021–1029. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liarzi, O.; Ezra, D. Endophyte-Mediated Biocontrol of Herbaceous and Non-herbaceous Plants. In Advances in Endophytic Research; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2013; pp. 335–369. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lahlali, R.; McGregor, L.; Song, T.; Gossen, B.D.; Narisawa, K.; Peng, G. Heteroconium chaetospira Induces Resistance to Clubroot via Upregulation of Host Genes Involved in Jasmonic Acid, Ethylene, and Auxin Biosynthesis. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e94144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- O’Callaghan, M. Microbial inoculation of seed for improved crop performance: Issues and opportunities. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2016, 100, 5729–5746. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Griffin, M.R. Biocontrol and Bioremediation: Two Areas of Endophytic Research Which Hold Great Promise. In Advances in Endophytic Research; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2014; pp. 257–282. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oliva, J.; Ridley, M.; Redondo, M.A.; Caballol, M. Competitive exclusion amongst endophytes determines shoot blight severity on pine. Funct. Ecol. 2020, 35, 239–254. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hu, H.-J.; Chen, Y.-L.; Wang, Y.-F.; Tang, Y.-Y.; Chen, S.-L.; Yan, S.-Z. Endophytic Bacillus cereus Effectively Controls Meloidogyne incognita on Tomato Plants Through Rapid Rhizosphere Occupation and Repellent Action. Plant Dis. 2017, 101, 448–455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Blumenstein, K.; Albrectsen, B.R.; Martín, J.A.; Hultberg, M.; Sieber, T.N.; Helander, M.; Witzell, J. Nutritional niche overlap potentiates the use of endophytes in biocontrol of a tree disease. BioControl 2015, 60, 655–667. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ahmad, T.; Bashir, A.; Farooq, S.; Riyaz-Ul-Hassan, S. Burkholderia gladioli E39CS3, an endophyte of Crocus sativus Linn., induces host resistance against corm-rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2021, 132, 495–508. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peng, C.; Zhang, A.; Wang, Q.; Song, Y.; Zhang, M.; Ding, X.; Li, Y.; Geng, Q.; Zhu, C. Ultrahigh-activity immune inducer from Endophytic Fungi induces tobacco resistance to virus by SA pathway and RNA silencing. BMC Plant Biol. 2020, 20, 169. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sahu, P.K.; Singh, S.; Gupta, A.; Singh, U.B.; Brahmaprakash, G.; Saxena, A.K. Antagonistic potential of bacterial endophytes and induction of systemic resistance against collar rot pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii in tomato. Biol. Control 2019, 137, 104014. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gao, Y.; Zeng, X.D.; Ren, B.; Zeng, J.R.; Xu, T.; Yang, Y.Z.; Hu, X.C.; Zhu, Z.Y.; Shi, L.M.; Zhou, G.Y.; et al. Antagonistic activity against rice blast disease and elicitation of host-defence response capability of an endophytic Streptomyces albidoflavus OsiLf-2. Plant Pathol. 2019, 69, 259–271. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dey, S.; Dutta, P.; Majumdar, S. Biological Control of Macrophomina phaseolina in Vigna mungo L. by Endophytic Klebsiella pneumoniae HR1. Jordan J. Biol. Sci. 2019, 12, 219–227. [Google Scholar]
- Romero, F.M.; Rossi, F.R.; Gárriz, A.; Carrasco, P.; Ruíz, O.A. A Bacterial Endophyte from Apoplast Fluids Protects Canola Plants from Different Phytopathogens via Antibiosis and Induction of Host Resistance. Phytopathology 2019, 109, 375–383. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Selim, H.M.M.; Gomaa, N.M.; Essa, A.M.M. Application of endophytic bacteria for the biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani (Cantharellales: Ceratobasidiaceae) damping-off disease in cotton seedlings. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 2017, 27, 81–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kuo, J.; Chang, C.-F.; Chi, W.-C. Isolation of endophytic fungi with antimicrobial activity from medicinal plant Zanthoxylum simulans Hance. Folia Microbiol. 2021, 66, 385–397. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tanapichatsakul, C.; Khruengsai, S.; Monggoot, S.; Pripdeevech, P. Production of eugenol from fungal endophytes Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Diaporthe sp. isolated from Cinnamomum loureiroi leaves. PeerJ 2019, 7, e6427. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Aljuraifani, A.; Aldosary, S.; Ababutain, I. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytes, Isolated from Moringa peregrina Growing in Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett. 2018, 42, 75–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Passari, A.; Mishra, V.K.; Singh, G.; Singh, P.; Kumar, B.; Gupta, V.K.; Sarma, R.K.; Saikia, R.; Donovan, A.O.; Singh, B.P. Insights into the functionality of endophytic actinobacteria with a focus on their biosynthetic potential and secondary metabolites production. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 11809. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sheoran, N.; Nadakkakath, A.V.; Munjal, V.; Kundu, A.; Subaharan, K.; Venugopal, V.; Rajamma, S.; Eapen, S.J.; Kumar, A. Genetic analysis of plant endophytic Pseudomonas putida BP25 and chemo-profiling of its antimicrobial volatile organic compounds. Microbiol. Res. 2015, 173, 66–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Silva, G.H.; Teles, H.L.; Zanardi, L.M.; Young, M.C.M.; Eberlin, M.N.; Hadad, R.; Pfenning, L.H.; Costa-Neto, C.; Castro-Gamboa, I.; Bolzani, V.; et al. Cadinane sesquiterpenoids of Phomopsis cassiae, an endophytic fungus associated with Cassia spectabilis (Leguminosae). Phytochemistry 2006, 67, 1964–1969. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dogan, G.; Taskin, B. Hydrolytic Enzymes Producing Bacterial Endophytes of Some Poaceae Plants. Pol. J. Microbiol. 2021, 70, 297–304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sopalun, K.; Iamtham, S. Isolation and screening of extracellular enzymatic activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Thai orchids. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2020, 134, 273–279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bezerra, J.D.P.; Nascimento, C.C.; Barbosa, R.; Da Silva, D.C.; Svedese, V.M.; Silva-Nogueira, E.B.; Gomes, B.S.; Paiva, L.M.; Souza-Motta, C.M. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Bauhinia forficata: Diversity and biotechnological potential. Braz. J. Microbiol. 2015, 46, 49–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tang-Um, J. Chitinase production and antifungal potential of endophytic Streptomyces strain P4. Maejo Int. J. Sci. Technol. 2012, 6, 95–104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haidar, B.; Ferdous, M.; Fatema, B.; Ferdous, A.S.; Islam, M.R.; Khan, H. Population diversity of bacterial endophytes from jute (Corchorus olitorius) and evaluation of their potential role as bioinoculants. Microbiol. Res. 2018, 208, 43–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Patel, J.K.; Archana, G. Diverse culturable diazotrophic endophytic bacteria from Poaceae plants show cross-colonization and plant growth promotion in wheat. Plant Soil 2017, 417, 99–116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goudjal, Y.; Zamoum, M.; Meklat, A.; Sabaou, N.; Mathieu, F.; Zitouni, A. Plant-growth-promoting potential of endosymbiotic actinobacteria isolated from sand truffles (Terfezia leonis Tul.) of the Algerian Sahara. Ann. Microbiol. 2015, 66, 91–100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shahzad, R.; Waqas, M.; Khan, A.L.; Asaf, S.; Khan, M.A.; Kang, S.-M.; Yun, B.-W.; Lee, I.-J. Seed-borne endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 produces gibberellins and regulates endogenous phytohormones of Oryza sativa. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2016, 106, 236–243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pereira, G.V.D.M.; Magalhães, K.T.; Lorenzetii, E.R.; Souza, T.P.; Schwan, R.F. A Multiphasic Approach for the Identification of Endophytic Bacterial in Strawberry Fruit and their Potential for Plant Growth Promotion. Microb. Ecol. 2011, 63, 405–417. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Robert-Seilaniantz, A.; Grant, M.; Jones, J.D.G. Hormone Crosstalk in Plant Disease and Defense: More Than Just JASMONATE-SALICYLATE Antagonism. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2011, 49, 317–343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghorbel, M.; Brini, F.; Sharma, A.; Landi, M. Role of jasmonic acid in plants: The molecular point of view. Plant Cell Rep. 2021, 40, 1471–1494. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Van der Ent, S.; Van Wees, S.; Pieterse, C.M. Jasmonate signaling in plant interactions with resistance-inducing beneficial microbes. Phytochemistry 2009, 70, 1581–1588. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Kloepper, J.W.; Ryu, C.-M. Bacterial Endophytes as Elicitors of Induced Systemic Resistance. In Microbial Root Endophytes; Schulz, B.J.E., Boyle, C.J.C., Sieber, T.N., Eds.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2006; pp. 33–52. [Google Scholar]
- Soler, A.; Marie-Alphonsine, P.-A.; Corbion, C.; Quénéhervé, P. Differential response of two pineapple cultivars (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) to SAR and ISR inducers against the nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis. Crop Prot. 2013, 54, 48–54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Waqas, M.; Khan, A.L.; Hamayun, M.; Shahzad, R.; Kang, S.-M.; Kim, J.-G.; Lee, I.-J. Endophytic fungi promote plant growth and mitigate the adverse effects of stem rot: An example of Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus terreus. J. Plant Interact. 2015, 10, 280–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kusajima, M.; Shima, S.; Fujita, M.; Minamisawa, K.; Che, F.-S.; Yamakawa, H.; Nakashita, H. Involvement of ethylene signaling in Azospirillum sp. B510-induced disease resistance in rice. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2018, 82, 1522–1526. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chung, E.J.; Hossain, M.T.; Khan, A.; Kim, K.H.; Jeon, C.O.; Chung, Y.R. Bacillus oryzicola sp. nov., an Endophytic Bacterium Isolated from the Roots of Rice with Antimicrobial, Plant Growth Promoting, and Systemic Resistance Inducing Activities in Rice. Plant Pathol. J. 2015, 31, 152–164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Howlader, P.; Bose, S.K.; Jia, X.; Zhang, C.; Wang, W.; Yin, H. Oligogalacturonides induce resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana by triggering salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways against Pst DC3000. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 164, 4054–4064. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kavroulakis, N.; Ntougias, S.; Zervakis, G.; Ehaliotis, C.; Haralampidis, K.; Papadopoulou, K.K. Role of ethylene in the protection of tomato plants against soil-borne fungal pathogens conferred by an endophytic Fusarium solani strain. J. Exp. Bot. 2007, 58, 3853–3864. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Boava, L.P.; Cristofani-Yaly, M.; Stuart, R.M.; Machado, M.A. Expression of defense-related genes in response to mechanical wounding and Phytophthora parasitica infection in Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus sunki. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2011, 76, 119–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Akram, W.; Anjum, T. Quantitative changes in defense system of tomato induced by two strains of Bacillus against Fusarium wilt. Indian J. Fundam. Appl. Life Sci. 2011, 1, 14–18. [Google Scholar]
- Bastias, D.A.; Martínez-Ghersa, M.A.; Ballare, C.L.; Gundel, P.E. Epichloë Fungal Endophytes and Plant Defenses: Not Just Alkaloids. Trends Plant Sci. 2017, 22, 939–948. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wu, G.; Liu, Y.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, G.; Shen, Q.; Zhang, R. Exploring Elicitors of the Beneficial Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 to Induce Plant Systemic Resistance and Their Interactions with Plant Signaling Pathways. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2018, 31, 560–567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Jin, P.; Wang, Y.; Tan, Z.; Liu, W.; Miao, W. Antibacterial activity and rice-induced resistance, mediated by C15surfactin A, in controlling rice disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 2020, 169, 104669. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Han, L.; Sun, Y.; Zhou, X.; Hao, X.; Wu, M.; Zhang, X.; Feng, J. A novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp. triggers early responses of plant defense. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 2020, 171, 104719. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gunatilaka, A.A.L. Natural Products from Plant-Associated Microorganisms: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Bioactivity, and Implications of Their Occurrence. J. Nat. Prod. 2006, 69, 509–526. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Stierle, A.; Strobel, G.; Stierle, D. Taxol and taxane production by Taxomyces andreanae, an endophytic fungus of Pacific yew. Science 1993, 260, 214–216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yuan, B.; Wang, Z.; Qin, S.; Zhao, G.-H.; Feng, Y.-J.; Wei, L.-H.; Jiang, J.-H. Study of the anti-sapstain fungus activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CGMCC 5569 associated with Ginkgo biloba and identification of its active components. Bioresour. Technol. 2012, 114, 536–541. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mousa, W.K.; Schwan, A.; Davidson, J.; Strange, P.; Liu, H.; Zhou, T.; Auzanneau, F.-I.; Raizada, M.N. An endophytic fungus isolated from finger millet (Eleusine coracana) produces anti-fungal natural products. Front. Microbiol. 2015, 6, 1157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gos, F.M.W.R.; Savi, D.C.; Shaaban, K.A.; Thorson, J.; Aluizio, R.; Possiede, Y.M.; Rohr, J.; Glienke, C. Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Actinomycetes Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Vochysia divergens (Pantanal, Brazil). Front. Microbiol. 2017, 8, 1642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ek-Ramos, M.J.; Gomez-Flores, R.; Orozco-Flores, A.A.; Rodríguez-Padilla, C.; González-Ochoa, G.; Tamez-Guerra, P. Bioactive Products from Plant-Endophytic Gram-Positive Bacteria. Front. Microbiol. 2019, 10, 463. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hardoim, P.R. Biologically Active Compounds from Bacterial Endophytes. In Endophytes and Secondary Metabolites; Jha, S., Ed.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2019; pp. 3–31. [Google Scholar]
- Hellwig, V.; Grothe, T.; Mayer-Bartschmid, A.; Endermann, R.; Geschke, F.-U.; Henkel, T.; Stadler, M. Altersetin, a New Antibiotic from Cultures of Endophytic Alternaria spp. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Biological Activities. ChemInform 2003, 34, 881–892. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, J.-L.; Sun, S.-Z.; Miao, C.-P.; Wu, K.; Chen, Y.-W.; Xu, L.-H.; Guan, H.-L.; Zhao, L.-X. Endophytic Trichoderma gamsii YIM PH30019: A promising biocontrol agent with hyperosmolar, mycoparasitism, and antagonistic activities of induced volatile organic compounds on root-rot pathogenic fungi of Panax notoginseng. J. Ginseng Res. 2015, 40, 315–324. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Howitz, K.T.; Sinclair, D.A. Xenohormesis: Sensing the Chemical Cues of Other Species. Cell 2008, 133, 387–391. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gao, F.; Dai, C.; Liu, X. Mechanisms of fungal endophytes in plant protection against pathogens. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 2010, 4, 1346–1351. [Google Scholar]
- Ben Abdallah, R.A.; Jabnoun-Khiareddine, H.; Daami-Remadi, M. Exploring the Beneficial Endophytic Microorganisms for Plant Growth Promotion and Crop Protection: Elucidation of Some Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Involved in Both Effects. In Secondary Metabolites of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizomicroorganisms; Springer: Singapore, 2019; pp. 319–352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rajulu, M.B.G.; Thirunavukkarasu, N.; Suryanarayanan, T.S.; Ravishankar, J.P.; El Gueddari, N.E.; Moerschbacher, B.M. Chitinolytic enzymes from endophytic fungi. Fungal Divers. 2010, 47, 43–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhu, Y.; She, X. Evaluation of the plant-growth-promoting abilities of endophytic bacteria from the psammophyte Ammodendron bifolium. Can. J. Microbiol. 2018, 64, 253–264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- El-Tarabily, K.A. An endophytic chitinase-producing isolate of Actinoplanes missouriensis, with potential for biological control of root rot of lupin caused by Plectosporium tabacinum. Aust. J. Bot. 2003, 51, 257–266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Macagnan, D.; Romeiro, R.D.S.; Pomella, A.W.; Desouza, J.T. Production of lytic enzymes and siderophores, and inhibition of germination of basidiospores of Moniliophthora (ex Crinipellis) perniciosa by phylloplane actinomycetes. Biol. Control 2008, 47, 309–314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cook, R.J. Making greater use of introduced microorganisms for biological control of plant pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1993, 31, 53–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Achari, G.A.; Ramesh, R. Colonization of Eggplant by Endophytic Bacteria Antagonistic to Ralstonia solanacearum, the Bacterial Wilt Pathogen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA India Sect. B Boil. Sci. 2018, 89, 585–593. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khan, A.L.; Shahzad, R.; Al-Harrasi, A.; Lee, I.-J. Endophytic Microbes: A Resource for Producing Extracellular Enzymes. In Endophytes: Crop Productivity and Protection; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2017; Volume 16, pp. 95–110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kuldau, G.; Bacon, C. Clavicipitaceous endophytes: Their ability to enhance resistance of grasses to multiple stresses. Biol. Control 2008, 46, 57–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Puri, A.; Padda, K.P.; Chanway, C.P. Seedling growth promotion and nitrogen fixation by a bacterial endophyte Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R and its GFP derivative in corn in a long-term trial. Symbiosis 2016, 69, 123–129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hallmann, J.; Quadt-Hallmann, A.; Mahaffee, W.F.; Kloepper, J.W. Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops. Can. J. Microbiol. 1997, 43, 895–914. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shan, W.; Zhou, Y.; Liu, H.; Yu, X. Endophytic Actinomycetes from Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis): Isolation, Abundance, Antimicrobial, and Plant-Growth-Promoting Activities. BioMed Res. Int. 2018, 2018, 1470305. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Eid, A.M.; Fouda, A.; Abdel-Rahman, M.A.; Salem, S.S.; Elsaied, A.; Oelmüller, R.; Hijri, M.; Bhowmik, A.; Elkelish, A.; Hassan, S.E.-D. Harnessing Bacterial Endophytes for Promotion of Plant Growth and Biotechnological Applications: An Overview. Plants 2021, 10, 935. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Krause, A.; Ramakumar, A.; Bartels, D.; Battistoni, F.; Bekel, T.; Boch, J.; Böhm, M.; Friedrich, F.; Hurek, T.; Krause, L.; et al. Complete genome of the mutualistic, N2-fixing grass endophyte Azoarcus sp. strain BH72. Nat. Biotechnol. 2006, 24, 1384–1390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Tian, B.; Zhang, C.; Ye, Y.; Wen, J.; Wu, Y.; Wang, H.; Li, H.; Cai, S.; Cai, W.; Cheng, Z.; et al. Beneficial traits of bacterial endophytes belonging to the core communities of the tomato root microbiome. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2017, 247, 149–156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Borah, A.; Thakur, D. Phylogenetic and Functional Characterization of Culturable Endophytic Actinobacteria Associated with Camellia spp. for Growth Promotion in Commercial Tea Cultivars. Front. Microbiol. 2020, 11, 318. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- De Silva, N.I.; Brooks, S.; Lumyong, S.; Hyde, K.D. Use of endophytes as biocontrol agents. Fungal Biol. Rev. 2019, 33, 133–148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- O’Hanlon, K.A.; Knorr, K.; Jørgensen, L.N.; Nicolaisen, M.; Boelt, B. Exploring the potential of symbiotic fungal endophytes in cereal disease suppression. Biol. Control 2012, 63, 69–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Potshangbam, M.; Devi, S.I.; Sahoo, D.; Strobel, G.A. Functional Characterization of Endophytic Fungal Community Associated with Oryza sativa L. and Zea mays L. Front. Microbiol. 2017, 8, 325. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Larran, S.; Simon, M.R.; Moreno, M.V.; Siurana, M.S.; Perelló, A. Endophytes from wheat as biocontrol agents against tan spot disease. Biol. Control 2016, 92, 17–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stenberg, J.A.; Sundh, I.; Becher, P.G.; Björkman, C.; Dubey, M.; Egan, P.A.; Friberg, H.; Gil, J.F.; Jensen, D.F.; Jonsson, M.; et al. When is it biological control? A framework of definitions, mechanisms, and classifications. J. Pest. Sci. 2021, 94, 665–676. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schulz, B.; Boyle, C. The endophytic continuum. Mycol. Res. 2005, 109, 661–686. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Tidke, S.A.; Kl, R.K.; Ramakrishna, D.; Kiran, S.; Kosturkova, G.; Gokare, R.A. Current Understanding of Endophytes: Their Relevance, Importance, and Industrial Potentials. IOSR J. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2017, 3, 43–59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, J.-L.; Sun, X.; Chen, L.; Guo, L.-D. Community structure of endophytic fungi of four mangrove species in Southern China. Mycology 2016, 7, 180–190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Collado, J.; Platas, G.; González, I.; Peláez, F. Geographical and seasonal influences on the distribution of fungal endophytes in Quercus ilex. New Phytol. 1999, 144, 525–532. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheng, Y.T.; Zhang, L.; He, S.Y. Plant-Microbe Interactions Facing Environmental Challenge. Cell Host Microbe 2019, 26, 183–192. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Prospero, S.; Botella, L.; Santini, A.; Robin, C. Biological control of emerging forest diseases: How can we move from dreams to reality? For. Ecol. Manag. 2021, 496, 119377. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Witzell, J.; Martín, J.A.; Blumenstein, K. Ecological aspects of endophyte-based biocontrol of forest diseases. In Advances in Endophytic Research; Verma, V.C., Gange, A.C., Eds.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2014; pp. 321–333. [Google Scholar]
- Tan, R.X.; Zou, W.X. Endophytes: A rich source of functional metabolites (1987 to 2000). Nat. Prod. Rep. 2001, 18, 448–459. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wen, J.; Okyere, S.K.; Wang, S.; Wang, J.; Xie, L.; Ran, Y.; Hu, Y. Endophytic Fungi: An Effective Alternative Source of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds for Pharmacological Studies. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Suryanarayanan, T.S.; Wittlinger, S.K.; Faeth, S.H. Endophytic fungi associated with cacti in Arizona1 1Dedicated to John Webster on the occasion of his 80th birthday. Mycol. Res. 2005, 109, 635–639. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Musetti, R.; Polizzotto, R.; Vecchione, A.; Borselli, S.; Zulini, L.; D’Ambrosio, M.; di Toppi, L.S.; Pertot, I. Antifungal activity of diketopiperazines extracted from Alternaria alternata against Plasmopara viticola: An ultrastructural study. Micron 2007, 38, 643–650. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, J.; Woo, H.R.; Nam, H.G. Toward Systems Understanding of Leaf Senescence: An Integrated Multi-Omics Perspective on Leaf Senescence Research. Mol. Plant 2016, 9, 813–825. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zhang, T.; Hu, Y.; Jiang, W.; Fang, L.; Guan, X.; Chen, J.; Zhang, J.; Saski, C.A.; Scheffler, B.E.; Stelly, D.M.; et al. Sequencing of allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. acc. TM-1) provides a resource for fiber improvement. Nat. Biotechnol. 2015, 33, 531–537. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sharma, M.; Sudheer, S.; Usmani, Z.; Rani, R.; Gupta, P. Deciphering the Omics of Plant-Microbe Interaction: Perspectives and New Insights. Curr. Genom. 2020, 21, 343–362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Z.; Gerstein, M.; Snyder, M. RNA-Seq: A revolutionary tool for transcriptomics. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2009, 10, 57–63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- de Vries, S.; Stukenbrock, E.H.; Rose, L.E. Rapid evolution in plant–microbe interactions—an evolutionary genomics perspective. New Phytol. 2020, 226, 1256–1262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hall, R.D. Plant Metabolomics in a Nutshell: Potential and Future Challenges. Annu. Plant Rev. 2011, 43, 1–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wilkins, M.R.; Sanchez, J.-C.; Gooley, A.A.; Appel, R.D.; Humphery-Smith, I.; Hochstrasser, D.F.; Williams, K.L. Progress with Proteome Projects: Why all Proteins Expressed by a Genome Should be Identified and How to Do It. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1996, 13, 19–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Meena, K.K.; Sorty, A.M.; Bitla, U.M.; Choudhary, K.; Gupta, P.; Pareek, A.; Singh, D.P.; Prabha, R.; Sahu, P.K.; Gupta, V.K.; et al. Abiotic Stress Responses and Microbe-Mediated Mitigation in Plants: The Omics Strategies. Front. Plant Sci. 2017, 8, 172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fouts, D.E.; Tyler, H.L.; DeBoy, R.T.; Daugherty, S.; Ren, Q.; Badger, J.H.; Durkin, A.S.; Huot, H.; Shrivastava, S.; Kothari, S.; et al. Complete Genome Sequence of the N2-Fixing Broad Host Range Endophyte Klebsiella pneumoniae 342 and Virulence Predictions Verified in Mice. PLoS Genet. 2008, 4, e1000141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Firrincieli, A.; Eotillar, R.; Esalamov, A.; Eschmutz, J.; Ekhan, Z.; Redman, R.S.; Fleck, N.D.; Elindquist, E.; Grigoriev, I.V.; Doty, S.L. Genome sequence of the plant growth promoting endophytic yeast Rhodotorula graminis WP1. Front. Microbiol. 2015, 6, 978. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Qiang, X.; Weiss, M.; KOGEL, K.H.; Schäfer, P. Piriformospora indica—a mutualistic basidiomycete with an exceptionally large plant host range. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2011, 13, 508–518. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kaul, S.; Sharma, T.; Dhar, M.K. “Omics” Tools for Better Understanding the Plant–Endophyte Interactions. Front. Plant Sci. 2016, 7, 955. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Dinsdale, E.A.; Edwards, R.A.; Hall, D.; Angly, F.; Breitbart, M.; Brulc, J.M.; Furlan, M.; Desnues, C.; Haynes, M.; Li, L.; et al. Functional metagenomic profiling of nine biomes. Nature 2008, 452, 629–632. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sheibani-Tezerji, R.; Rattei, T.; Sessitsch, A.; Trognitz, F.; Mitter, B. Transcriptome Profiling of the Endophyte Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN Indicates Sensing of the Plant Environment and Drought Stress. mBio 2015, 6, e00621-15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lery, L.M.S.; Hemerly, A.S.; Nogueira, E.M.; von Krüger, W.M.A.; Bisch, P.M. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of the Interaction Between the Endophytic Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Sugarcane. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interactions 2011, 24, 562–576. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yuan, J.; Zhang, W.; Sun, K.; Tang, M.-J.; Chen, P.-X.; Li, X.; Dai, C.-C. Comparative Transcriptomics and Proteomics of Atractylodes lancea in Response to Endophytic Fungus Gilmaniella sp. AL12 Reveals Regulation in Plant Metabolism. Front. Microbiol. 2019, 10, 1208. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, X.-L.; Sun, M.-C.; Chong, S.-L.; Si, J.-P.; Wu, L.-S. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Approaches Deepen Our Knowledge of Plant–Endophyte Interactions. Front. Plant Sci. 2022, 12, 700200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roberts, L.D.; Souza, A.L.; Gerszten, R.E.; Clish, C.B. Targeted Metabolomics. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 2012, 98, 30.2.1–30.2.24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mishra, S.; Bhardwaj, P.; Sharma, S. Metabolomic Insights into Endophyte-Derived Bioactive Compounds. Front. Microbiol. 2022, 13, 416. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, J.; Liu, G. Analysis of Secondary Metabolites from Plant Endophytic Fungi. In Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes: Methods and Protocols; Ma, W., Wolpert, T., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2018; pp. 25–38. [Google Scholar]
- Segers, K.; Declerck, S.; Mangelings, D.; Heyden, Y.V.; Eeckhaut, A.V. Analytical techniques for metabolomic studies: A review. Bioanalysis 2019, 11, 2297–2318. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cavill, R.; Jennen, D.; Kleinjans, J.; Briedé, J.J. Transcriptomic and metabolomic data integration. Brief. Bioinform. 2015, 17, 891–901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Noor, E.; Cherkaoui, S.; Sauer, U. Biological insights through omics data integration. Curr. Opin. Syst. Biol. 2019, 15, 39–47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, H.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, Z. Comparative transcriptome combined with metabolomic and physiological analyses revealed ROS-mediated redox signaling affecting rice growth and cellular iron homeostasis under varying pH conditions. Plant Soil 2018, 434, 343–361. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Locke, A.M.; Barding, G.A., Jr.; Sathnur, S.; Larive, C.K.; Bailey-Serres, J. Rice SUB1A constrains remodelling of the transcriptome and metabolome during submergence to facilitate post-submergence recovery. Plant Cell Environ. 2018, 41, 721–736. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xin, W.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W.; Gao, J.; Yi, J.; Zhen, X.; Li, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Peng, C.; Zhao, C. An Integrated Analysis of the Rice Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Differential Regulation of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Response to Nitrogen Availability. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2349. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cho, K.; Cho, K.-S.; Sohn, H.-B.; Ha, I.J.; Hong, S.-Y.; Lee, H.; Kim, Y.-M.; Nam, M.H. Network analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome reveals novel regulation of potato pigmentation. J. Exp. Bot. 2016, 67, 1519–1533. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zhou, P.; Li, Q.; Liu, G.; Xu, N.; Yang, Y.; Zeng, W.; Chen, A.; Wang, S. Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data reveals critical metabolic pathways involved in polyphenol biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum under chilling stress. Funct. Plant Biol. 2019, 46, 30–43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sade, D.; Shriki, O.; Cuadros-Inostroza, A.; Tohge, T.; Semel, Y.; Haviv, Y.; Willmitzer, L.; Fernie, A.R.; Czosnek, H.; Brotman, Y. Comparative metabolomics and transcriptomics of plant response to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. Metabolomics 2014, 11, 81–97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, C.; Wu, P.; Yao, X.; Sheng, Y.; Zhang, C.; Lin, P.; Wang, K. Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Key Metabolites Involved in Camellia oleifera Defense against Anthracnose. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, S.; Chaudhary, K.; Garmire, L.X. More Is Better: Recent Progress in Multi-Omics Data Integration Methods. Front. Genet. 2017, 8, 84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Xia, Y.; Liu, J.; Chen, C.; Mo, X.; Tan, Q.; He, Y.; Wang, Z.; Yin, J.; Zhou, G. The Multifunctions and Future Prospects of Endophytes and Their Metabolites in Plant Disease Management. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051072
Xia Y, Liu J, Chen C, Mo X, Tan Q, He Y, Wang Z, Yin J, Zhou G. The Multifunctions and Future Prospects of Endophytes and Their Metabolites in Plant Disease Management. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(5):1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051072
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia, Yandong, Junang Liu, Cang Chen, Xiuli Mo, Qian Tan, Yuan He, Zhikai Wang, Jia Yin, and Guoying Zhou. 2022. "The Multifunctions and Future Prospects of Endophytes and Their Metabolites in Plant Disease Management" Microorganisms 10, no. 5: 1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051072