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Microorganisms
Volume 10
Issue 12
10.3390/microorganisms10122352
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Article

Analysis of the Propionate Metabolism in Bacillus subtilis during 3-Indolacetic Production

by
Freddy Castillo-Alfonso
1,
Alejandro Quintana-Menéndez
1,
Gabriel Vigueras-Ramírez
2,
Alfonso Mauricio Sales-Cruz
2,
Luis Manuel Rosales-Colunga
3 and
Roberto Olivares-Hernández
2,*
1
Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05370, Mexico
2
Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Cuajimalpa de Morelos, Ciudad de México 05348, Mexico
3
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr Manuel Nava 8, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78290, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2022, 10(12), 2352; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122352
Submission received: 31 October 2022 / Revised: 23 November 2022 / Accepted: 23 November 2022 / Published: 28 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolism in the Bacillus subtilis)
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Abstract

The genera Bacillus belongs to the group of microorganisms that are known as plant growth-promoting bacteria, their metabolism has evolved to produce molecules that benefit the growth of the plant, and the production of 3-indole acetic acid (IAA) is part of its secondary metabolism. In this work, Bacillus subtilis was cultivated in a bioreactor to produce IAA using propionate and glucose as carbon sources in an M9-modified media; in both cases, tryptophan was added as a co-substrate. The yield of IAA using propionate is 17% higher compared to glucose. After 48 h of cultivation, the final concentration was 310 mg IAA/L using propionate and 230 mg IAA/L using glucose, with a concentration of 500 mg Trp/L. To gain more insight into propionate metabolism and its advantages, the genome-scale metabolic model of B. subtilis (iBSU 1147) and computational analysis were used to calculate flux distribution and evaluate the metabolic capabilities to produce IAA using propionate. The metabolic fluxes demonstrate that propionate uptake favors the production of precursors needed for the synthesis of the hormone, and the sensitivity analysis shows that the control of a specific growth rate has a positive impact on the production of IAA.
Keywords: Bacillus subtilis; propionate metabolism; 3-indole acetic acid; flux balance analysis Bacillus subtilis; propionate metabolism; 3-indole acetic acid; flux balance analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Castillo-Alfonso, F.; Quintana-Menéndez, A.; Vigueras-Ramírez, G.; Sales-Cruz, A.M.; Rosales-Colunga, L.M.; Olivares-Hernández, R. Analysis of the Propionate Metabolism in Bacillus subtilis during 3-Indolacetic Production. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 2352. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122352

AMA Style

Castillo-Alfonso F, Quintana-Menéndez A, Vigueras-Ramírez G, Sales-Cruz AM, Rosales-Colunga LM, Olivares-Hernández R. Analysis of the Propionate Metabolism in Bacillus subtilis during 3-Indolacetic Production. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(12):2352. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122352

Chicago/Turabian Style

Castillo-Alfonso, Freddy, Alejandro Quintana-Menéndez, Gabriel Vigueras-Ramírez, Alfonso Mauricio Sales-Cruz, Luis Manuel Rosales-Colunga, and Roberto Olivares-Hernández. 2022. "Analysis of the Propionate Metabolism in Bacillus subtilis during 3-Indolacetic Production" Microorganisms 10, no. 12: 2352. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122352

APA Style

Castillo-Alfonso, F., Quintana-Menéndez, A., Vigueras-Ramírez, G., Sales-Cruz, A. M., Rosales-Colunga, L. M., & Olivares-Hernández, R. (2022). Analysis of the Propionate Metabolism in Bacillus subtilis during 3-Indolacetic Production. Microorganisms, 10(12), 2352. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122352

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