Identification of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Blueberry Anthracnose in Sichuan, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Symptomatology and Fungal Isolation
2.2. Morphological Characterization
2.3. Molecular Characterization and Phylogeny of Isolates
2.4. Pathogenicity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Collection and Isolation
4.2. Morphological Characterization
4.3. Molecular Characterization
4.4. Phylogenetic Analysis
4.5. Pathogenicity Tests
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isolate No. | Parts | Cultivars | Location | Latitude and Longitude | Species |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LMT1 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Daguang, Dujiangyan | N 30°51′4″ E 103°34′44″ | C. sichuaninese |
LMT2 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Daguang, Dujiangyan | N 30°51′4″ E 103°34′44″ | C. fructicola |
LMT3 | Stem | Misty | Tuqiao, Jintang | N 30°31′17″ E 104°50′5″ | C. fructicola |
LMT4 | Stem | Misty | Tuqiao, Jintang | N 30°31′17″ E 104°50′5″ | C. kahawae |
LMT5 | Leaf | Misty | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. fructicola |
LMT6 | Leaf | O’Neal | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. fructicola |
LMT7 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Daguang, Dujiangyan | N 30°51′4″ E 103°34′44″ | C. karstii |
LMT8 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Daguang, Dujiangyan | N 30°51′4″ E 103°34′44″ | C. fructicola |
LMT9 | Stem | O’Neal | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT10 | Stem | O’Neal | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT11 | Leaf | Misty | Tuqiao, Jintang | N 30°31′17″ E 104°50′5″ | C. kahawae |
LMT12 | Leaf | Misty | Daguang, Dujiangyan | N 30°51′4″ E 103°34′44″ | C. fructicola |
LMT13 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. nymphaeae |
LMT14 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT15 | Leaf | Misty | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. siamense |
LMT16 | Leaf | O’Neal | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. fructicola |
LMT17 | Leaf | Misty | Tuqiao, Jintang | N 30°31′17″ E 104°50′5″ | C. fructicola |
LMT18 | Leaf | Misty | Tuqiao, Jintang | N 30°31′17″ E 104°50′5″ | C. fructicola |
LMT19 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Daguang, Dujiangyan | N 30°51′4″ E 103°34′44″ | C. siamense |
LMT20 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. fructicola |
LMT21 | Leaf | O’Neal | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. fructicola |
LMT22 | Stem | Sharpblue | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT23 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT24 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. siamense |
LMT25 | Stem | O’Neal | Wuyang, Pengshan | N 30°11′44″ E 103°52′8″ | C. karstii |
LMT26 | Stem | O’Neal | Wuyang, Pengshan | N 30°11′44″ E 103°52′8″ | C. fructicola |
LMT27 | Stem | O’Neal | Wuyang, Pengshan | N 30°11′44″ E 103°52′8″ | C. fructicola |
LMT28 | Leaf | O’Neal | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. fructicola |
LMT29 | Leaf | O’Neal | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. fructicola |
LMT30 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT31 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT32 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT33 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. siamense |
LMT34 | Leaf | O’Neal | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. siamense |
LMT35 | Stem | O’Neal | Gongping, Wenjiang | N 30°43′22″ E 103°49′28″ | C. siamense |
LMT36 | Stem | O’Neal | Gongping, Wenjiang | N 30°43′22″ E 103°49′28″ | C. siamense |
LMT37 | Stem | O’Neal | Gongping, Wenjiang | N 30°43′22″ E 103°49′28″ | C. fructicola |
LMT38 | Stem | O’Neal | Gongping, Wenjiang | N 30°43′22″ E 103°49′28″ | C. fructicola |
LMT39 | Stem | O’Neal | Gongping, Wenjiang | N 30°43′22″ E 103°49′28″ | C. fructicola |
LMT40 | Stem | O’Neal | Gongping, Wenjiang | N 30°43′22″ E 103°49′28″ | C. fructicola |
LMT41 | Stem | O’Neal | Gongping, Wenjiang | N 30°43′22″ E 103°49′28″ | C. fructicola |
LMT42 | Stem | Misty | Tuqiao, Jintang | N 30°31′17″ E 104°50′5″ | C. fructicola |
LMT43 | Stem | Misty | Tuqiao, Jintang | N 30°31′17″ E 104°50′5″ | C. fructicola |
LMT44 | Leaf | O’Neal | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. siamense |
LMT45 | Leaf | O’Neal | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. fructicola |
LMT46 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Daguang, Dujiangyan | N 30°51′4″ E 103°34′44″ | C. fructicola |
LMT47 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Daguang, Dujiangyan | N 30°51′4″ E 103°34′44″ | C. fructicola |
LMT48 | Stem | O’Neal | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT49 | Stem | O’Neal | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT50 | Leaf | Misty | Tuqiao, Jintang | N 30°31′17″ E 104°50′5″ | C. siamense |
LMT51 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Daguang, Dujiangyan | N 30°51′4″ E 103°34′44″ | C. sichuaninese |
LMT52 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT53 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT54 | Leaf | O’Neal | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. fructicola |
LMT55 | Leaf | O’Neal | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. fructicola |
LMT56 | Leaf | Misty | Tuqiao, Jintang | N 30°31′17″ E 104°50′5″ | C. siamense |
LMT57 | Leaf | Misty | Tuqiao, Jintang | N 30°31′17″ E 104°50′5″ | C. fructicola |
LMT58 | Leaf | Sharpblue | Daguang, Dujiangyan | N 30°51′4″ E 103°34′44″ | C. siamense |
LMT59 | Leaf | Misty | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. fructicola |
LMT60 | Leaf | Misty | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. fructicola |
LMT61 | Stem | O’Neal | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. nymphaeae |
LMT62 | Stem | Sharpblue | Wuyang, Pengshan | N 30°11′44″ E 103°52′8″ | C. fructicola |
LMT63 | Stem | Sharpblue | Wuyang, Pengshan | N 30°11′44″ E 103°52′8″ | C. siamense |
LMT64 | Stem | Sharpblue | Wuyang, Pengshan | N 30°11′44″ E 103°52′8″ | C. fructicola |
LMT65 | Leaf | Misty | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. karstii |
LMT66 | Leaf | Misty | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. siamense |
LMT67 | Leaf | O’Neal | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT68 | Leaf | O’Neal | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT69 | Leaf | O’Neal | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. fructicola |
LMT70 | Leaf | O’Neal | Caichang, Dayi | N 30°30′8″ E 103°41′57″ | C. karstii |
LMT71 | Leaf | Misty | Taiping, Shuangliu | N 30°25′53″ E 104°11′54″ | C. kahawae |
LMT72 | Stem | Misty | Gongping, Wenjiang | N 30°43′22″ E 103°49′28″ | C. fructicola |
LMT73 | Stem | Misty | Gongping, Wenjiang | N 30°43′22″ E 103°49′28″ | C. fructicola |
LMT74 | Stem | Misty | Gongping, Wenjiang | N 30°43′22″ E 103°49′28″ | C. kahawae |
Group | Species | Colony | Growth Rate (mm/d) | Conidia | Appressoria | Mycelial Appressoria | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length (μm) | Width (μm) | Shape | Length (μm) | Width (μm) | Shape and Color | |||||
1 | Colletotrichum fructicola | black and gray, reverse black | 6.0 ± 0.04 a | 13.3 ± 0.21 b | 5.4 ± 0.24 a | cylindrical | 6.7 ± 0.16 a | 5.0 ± 0.17 a | brown to dark black, ovoid to slightly irregular | oval to irregular, light brown to dark brown, margin lobed or deeply lobed |
2 | Colletotrichum siamense | white, reverse pale yellowish | 4.3 ± 0.12 c | 11.7 ± 0.41 c | 5.4 ± 0.21 a | cylindrical | 5.7 ± 0.39 b | 4.7 ± 0.22 b | brown to dark black, irregular with a crenate edge | irregularly shaped and brown, with a deep, marginal, lobed edge |
3 | Colletotrichum kahawae | pale gray, reverse pale gray | 3.4 ± 0.09 d | 14.4 ± 0.60 a | 5.0 ± 0.94 b | cylindrical | 6.7 ± 0.40 a | 5.4 ± 0.17 c | brown to dark black, round | ovoid or irregularly shaped, light brown, with a deep, marginal, lobed, or smooth edge |
4 | Colletotrichum nymphaeae | gray, reverse dark gray | 6.2 ± 0.08 a | 10.5 ± 0.08 d | 4.6 ± 0.43 c | fusiform | 7.4 ± 0.33 c | 5.9 ± 011 d | gray, round | oval, light brown, smooth edge |
5 | Colletotrichum sichuaninese | gray, reverse pale gray | 5.5 ± 0.39 b | 14.5 ± 0.32 a | 5.2 ± 0.30 ab | long cylindrical | 12.0 ± 0.56 d | 8.8 ± 0.21 e | brown to dark black, ovoid to slightly irregular | oval or round, brown to dark brown, with a smooth border |
6 | Colletotrichum karstii | white, reverse white | 6.4 ± 0.05 a | 15.7 ± 0.12 e | 7.0 ± 0.26 d | fusiform | 8.9 ± 0.32 e | 7.4 ± 0.46 f | brown to dark black, round | oval to round, light brown, and smooth edges |
Species | Average Lesion Diameter (mm) | |
---|---|---|
Detached Stems | Leaves on Seedings | |
C. fructicola | 14.2 ± 0.35 a | 15.0 ± 0.21 a |
C. siamense | 12.1 ± 0.30 b | 2.9 ± 0.21 c |
C. kahawae | 6.2 ± 0.15 e | 2.8 ± 0.15 c |
C. nymphaeae | 7.0 ± 0.22 d | 5.1 ± 0.21 b |
C. sichuaninese | 6.0 ± 0.22 e | 1.6 ± 0.10 d |
C. karstii | 10.1 ± 0.26 c | 1.6 ± 0.20 d |
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Liu, X.; Zheng, X.; Khaskheli, M.I.; Sun, X.; Chang, X.; Gong, G. Identification of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Blueberry Anthracnose in Sichuan, China. Pathogens 2020, 9, 718. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090718
Liu X, Zheng X, Khaskheli MI, Sun X, Chang X, Gong G. Identification of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Blueberry Anthracnose in Sichuan, China. Pathogens. 2020; 9(9):718. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090718
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Xuan, Xiaojuan Zheng, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli, Xiaofang Sun, Xiaoli Chang, and Guoshu Gong. 2020. "Identification of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Blueberry Anthracnose in Sichuan, China" Pathogens 9, no. 9: 718. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090718