Escherichia coli Strains with Virulent Factors Typical for Uropathogens were Isolated from Sinuses from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis—Case Report
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Patient’s Medical History
2.1.1. Case 1 Presentation
2.1.2. Case 2 Presentation
2.1.3. Case 3 Presentation
2.2. Genetic Characterization of Escherichia coli
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients and Samples
4.2. Genetic Characterization of E. coli Strains
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinical Characteristic of Patients | Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Basic demographics | |||
Age | 41 | 44 | 18 |
Gender | M | M | M |
Underlying diseases | chronic sinusitis | chronic sinusitis | chronic sinusitis |
Duration of illness | 7 years | 3 years | 5 years |
Duration of symptoms | >12 weeks | >12 weeks | >12 weeks |
Episodes within a one-year period | >4 | >4 | >4 |
Symptoms | |||
Purulent drainage | + | + | + |
Facial/dental pain | + | + | + |
Nasal obstruction | + | + | + |
Hyposmia | + | + | + |
Nasal congestion | + | − | + |
Halitosis | + | − | - |
Cough, sore throat | + | + | + |
Ear pain | − | − | + |
Patient-associated risk factors | |||
Nasal polyps | + | − | + |
Lower nasal concha hypertrophy | − | + | + |
Cigarette smoking: Currently (C)/in the past (P) | + (P) | + (P) | + (P) |
Sleep apnea | - | + | - |
Allergy | + | - | - |
Snoring | − | − | − |
GERD | − | − | − |
* Outpatient procedures within 6 months in violation of tissue integrity | dental treatment | - | - |
Surgery | functional endoscopic sinus surgery | functional endoscopic nasal and nasal sinuses surgery, nasal segmental correction, correction of soft palate by coblation method | functional endoscopic sinus surgery, correction of nasal septum and conchae by coblation method |
CBCT 3D | CBCT 3D | CBCT 3D | |
Radiodiagnostics | |||
Clinical outcome | |||
Relapse | + | − | − |
Duration of clinical remission | 6 months | − | − |
Postoperative period | functional endoscopic sinus surgery with the opening of ethmoid cells, frontal sinuses | − | − |
Histopathological data | |||
Polypoid mucosal | + | − | + |
Cylindrical epithelium | − | + | + |
Infiltration with monocytes | − | + | + |
Metaplasia | − | − | − |
Blood count/NEU% [range 45–70] | 64 | 51.7 | 51.5 |
Blood count/EOS% [range 1–5] | 4.9 | 2.7 | 6.3 |
Blood count/MONO% [range 3–8] | 9.4 | 8.5 | 5.4 |
Clinical sample | specimen/swab | specimen/swab | specimen/swab |
Microbiological cultures - characteristic | |||
Polymicrobial infections | E. coli; S. aureus | E. coli; E. faecium | E. coli; S. aureus |
Empiric Therapy | AMC | AMC | AMC |
Inflammation of the urinary system | + | + | + |
Episodes/ recurrence of infection | >10/+ | 2/− | 1/− |
Genetic Characteristic of Isolates | Isolate 1 | Isolate 2 | Isolate 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Escherichia coli | from left maxillary sinus | from right maxillary sinus | from left maxillary sinus |
Antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli | - | AM, AMC, P, AMX, TRC, TR | - |
Virulence -associated genes of E. coli | |||
Adhesins (fimbrial and nonfimbrial adhesin) | fimG/H, sfa, papC, tosA | fimG/H, sfa, focG | fimG/H, sfa, focG |
Toxins | hlyA, usp, cnf1, tosB | hlyA, usp, cnf1, tosB | hlyA, usp, cnf1, tosB |
Iron acquisition system | fyuA, irp2, entB, fepA, iroN, chuA | fyuA, irp2, entB, fepA, iroN, iha, chuA, fecA | fyuA, irp2, entB, fepA, iroN, iha, chuA, fecA |
K capsule | kspMTII | kspMTII | kspMTII |
Autotransporter and biofilm | ag43a (flu) | ag43a (flu) | ag43a (flu) |
Serine protease autotransporters | vat, pic | vat, pic | vat, pic |
Invasin | ibeA | - | - |
E. coli phylogenetic group | B2 | B2 | B2 |
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Krawczyk, B.; Michalik, M.; Fordon, M.; Wysocka, M.; Samet, A.; Nowicki, B. Escherichia coli Strains with Virulent Factors Typical for Uropathogens were Isolated from Sinuses from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis—Case Report. Pathogens 2020, 9, 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050318
Krawczyk B, Michalik M, Fordon M, Wysocka M, Samet A, Nowicki B. Escherichia coli Strains with Virulent Factors Typical for Uropathogens were Isolated from Sinuses from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis—Case Report. Pathogens. 2020; 9(5):318. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050318
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrawczyk, Beata, Michał Michalik, Magdalena Fordon, Magdalena Wysocka, Alfred Samet, and Bogdan Nowicki. 2020. "Escherichia coli Strains with Virulent Factors Typical for Uropathogens were Isolated from Sinuses from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis—Case Report" Pathogens 9, no. 5: 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050318
APA StyleKrawczyk, B., Michalik, M., Fordon, M., Wysocka, M., Samet, A., & Nowicki, B. (2020). Escherichia coli Strains with Virulent Factors Typical for Uropathogens were Isolated from Sinuses from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis—Case Report. Pathogens, 9(5), 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050318