Could Naturally Occurring Coronaviral Diseases in Animals Serve as Models for COVID-19? A Review Focusing on the Bovine Model
1
Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
2
Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0102 Oslo, Norway
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2020, 9(12), 991; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9120991
Received: 26 October 2020
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Revised: 24 November 2020
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Accepted: 25 November 2020
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Published: 26 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Collection Coronaviruses and Other Human Respiratory Viruses from “Regular” Circulating Agents to Emerging Pathogens and the One Health Concept)
The current pandemic of COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of basic studies on coronaviruses (CoVs) in general, and severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in particular. CoVs have for long been studied in veterinary medicine, due to their impact on animal health and welfare, production, and economy. Several animal models using coronaviral disease in the natural host have been suggested. In this review, different animal models are discussed, with the main focus on bovine CoV (BCoV). BCoV is endemic in the cattle population worldwide and has been known and studied for several decades. SARS-CoV-2 and BCoV are both betacoronaviruses, where BCoV is highly similar to human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43, encompassing the same virus species (Betacoronavirus 1). BCoV causes respiratory and gastrointestinal disease in young and adult cattle. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the similarities and dissimilarities between BCoV and SARS-CoV-2, as well as discussing the usage of BCoV as a model for human CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2.
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Keywords:
coronavirus; animal model; bovine; SARS-CoV-2; one health; respiratory infection; gastrointestinal infection
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MDPI and ACS Style
Wensman, J.J.; Stokstad, M. Could Naturally Occurring Coronaviral Diseases in Animals Serve as Models for COVID-19? A Review Focusing on the Bovine Model. Pathogens 2020, 9, 991. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9120991
AMA Style
Wensman JJ, Stokstad M. Could Naturally Occurring Coronaviral Diseases in Animals Serve as Models for COVID-19? A Review Focusing on the Bovine Model. Pathogens. 2020; 9(12):991. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9120991
Chicago/Turabian StyleWensman, Jonas J., and Maria Stokstad. 2020. "Could Naturally Occurring Coronaviral Diseases in Animals Serve as Models for COVID-19? A Review Focusing on the Bovine Model" Pathogens 9, no. 12: 991. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9120991
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