Use of a Th1 Stimulator Adjuvant for Vaccination against Neospora caninum Infection in the Pregnant Mouse Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Cerebral Infection in Pregnant Mice
Experimental groups | No. of mice | No. of sick mice (%)a | Mortality (%)b | Nc DNA in brain (%)c | Mean parasite load (±SD)d | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | NP | P | NP | P | NP | P | NP | P | NP | |
Non-infected control | 9 | 11 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (±0) | 0 (±0) |
FIA control | 13 | 7 | 13 (100) | 7 (100) | 13 (100) | 5 (71.4) | 13 (100) | 7 (100) | 1446 (±184) | 1054 (±204) |
MIC3-1-R in FIA | 8 | 12 | 8 (100) | 9 (75) | 8 (100) | 7 (58.3) | 8 (100) | 12 (100) | 1342 (±187) | 851 (±364) |
Crude extract in FIA | 8 | 11 | 8 (100) | 8 (72.7) | 5 (62.5) | 6 (54.5) | 8 (100) | 11 (100) | 1179 (±400) | 748 (±443) |
2.2. Cerebral Infection in Non-pregnant Mice
2.3. Vertical Transmission
Experimental groups | Fertility (%)a | No. of pupsb | Average litter size (+/- SD) | Neonatal mortality (%)c | Postnatal mortality (%)d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-infected control | 9/20 (45) | 60 | 6.7 (1.7) | 1 (1.7) | 0/59 (0) |
FIA control | 13/20 (65) | 64 | 4.9 (1.6) | 13 (20.3) | 51/51 (100) |
MIC3-1-R in FIA | 8/20 (40) | 37 | 4.6 (1.4) | 10 (27.0) | 27/27 (100) |
Crude extract in FIA | 8/19 (42.1) | 37 | 4.6 (1.7) | 7 (18.9) | 28/30 (93.3) |
Experimental groups | Nc DNA positive pups | Mean parasite load (±SD)b | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neonatal deaths | Postnatal deaths | Survivors | Total | ||
Non-infected control | 0/1 (0) | 0/0 (0) | 0/59 (0) | 0/60 (0) | 0 (±0) |
FIA control | 8/9 (88.9) | 48/48 (100) | 0/0 (0) | 56/57 (98.2) | 1277 (±457) |
MIC3-1-R in FIA | 4/7 (57.1) | 25/25 (100) | 0/0 (0) | 29/32 (90.6) | 1262 (±409) |
Crude extract in FIA | 1/7 (14.3) | 25/25 (100) | 2/2 (100) | 28/34 (82.4) | 1276 (±192) |
2.4. Humoral Immune Response
2.5. Cytokine Responses
2.6. Discussion of Results
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Culture and Purification of Parasites
3.2. Preparation of N. caninum Crude Protein Extract
3.3. Preparation of recNcMIC3-1-R
3.4. Vaccination Trial, Clinical Monitoring and Sample Collection
3.5. Cerebral Parasite Burden
3.6. Serology
3.7. Serum Cytokine Levels
3.8. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Monney, T.; Grandgirard, D.; Leib, S.L.; Hemphill, A. Use of a Th1 Stimulator Adjuvant for Vaccination against Neospora caninum Infection in the Pregnant Mouse Model. Pathogens 2013, 2, 193-208. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens2020193
Monney T, Grandgirard D, Leib SL, Hemphill A. Use of a Th1 Stimulator Adjuvant for Vaccination against Neospora caninum Infection in the Pregnant Mouse Model. Pathogens. 2013; 2(2):193-208. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens2020193
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonney, Thierry, Denis Grandgirard, Stephen L. Leib, and Andrew Hemphill. 2013. "Use of a Th1 Stimulator Adjuvant for Vaccination against Neospora caninum Infection in the Pregnant Mouse Model" Pathogens 2, no. 2: 193-208. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens2020193