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Pathogens
Volume 14
Issue 7
10.3390/pathogens14070629
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Review

Human Cytomegalovirus Immune Evasion of Natural Killer Cells: A Virus for All Seasons?

by
Hannah Preston
1,2,
Rowan Casey
1,2,
Elizabeth Ferris
1,2,
Lauren Kerr-Jones
1,2,
Lauren Jones
1,2,
Farah Latif
1,2,
Mathew Clement
1,2,
Rebecca J. Aicheler
3,
Eddie C. Y. Wang
1,2,*,
Richard J. Stanton
1,2,* and
Ceri A. Fielding
1,2,*
1
Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
2
Systems Immunity University Research Institute (SIURI), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
3
School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2025, 14(7), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070629
Submission received: 13 May 2025 / Revised: 12 June 2025 / Accepted: 14 June 2025 / Published: 24 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Human Cytomegalovirus Pathogenesis: Evidence from the Clinic and Laboratory Models)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous member of the herpesvirus family, of significant clinical importance, and highly adapted to its host, resulting from millions of years of co-evolution. As a result, the virus systematically subverts almost all aspects of antiviral immune defence to successfully establish a lifelong persistent infection, and in the process, dramatically reshapes the phenotype and function of host immunity to both HCMV and other diseases. Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical component of successful herpesvirus control. Here, we discuss their role in modulating HCMV disease and the multitude of ways that HCMV has evolved to prevent and manipulate this process. We also consider how antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by NK cells directed against HCMV might overcome NK immune evasion mechanisms and be useful therapeutically.
Keywords: cytomegalovirus; natural killer cell; immune evasion cytomegalovirus; natural killer cell; immune evasion

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MDPI and ACS Style

Preston, H.; Casey, R.; Ferris, E.; Kerr-Jones, L.; Jones, L.; Latif, F.; Clement, M.; Aicheler, R.J.; Wang, E.C.Y.; Stanton, R.J.; et al. Human Cytomegalovirus Immune Evasion of Natural Killer Cells: A Virus for All Seasons? Pathogens 2025, 14, 629. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070629

AMA Style

Preston H, Casey R, Ferris E, Kerr-Jones L, Jones L, Latif F, Clement M, Aicheler RJ, Wang ECY, Stanton RJ, et al. Human Cytomegalovirus Immune Evasion of Natural Killer Cells: A Virus for All Seasons? Pathogens. 2025; 14(7):629. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070629

Chicago/Turabian Style

Preston, Hannah, Rowan Casey, Elizabeth Ferris, Lauren Kerr-Jones, Lauren Jones, Farah Latif, Mathew Clement, Rebecca J. Aicheler, Eddie C. Y. Wang, Richard J. Stanton, and et al. 2025. "Human Cytomegalovirus Immune Evasion of Natural Killer Cells: A Virus for All Seasons?" Pathogens 14, no. 7: 629. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070629

APA Style

Preston, H., Casey, R., Ferris, E., Kerr-Jones, L., Jones, L., Latif, F., Clement, M., Aicheler, R. J., Wang, E. C. Y., Stanton, R. J., & Fielding, C. A. (2025). Human Cytomegalovirus Immune Evasion of Natural Killer Cells: A Virus for All Seasons? Pathogens, 14(7), 629. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070629

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