Resident Physicians’ Knowledge and Preparedness Regarding Human Monkeypox: A Cross-Sectional Study from Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Settings, and Subjects
2.2. Sample Size, Sampling, and Data Collection Techniques
2.3. Survey Contents
2.4. Pilot Study and Reliability of the Questionnaire
2.5. Data Analysis
2.6. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic and Profession-Related Information
3.2. Source of Information
3.3. Knowledge about Mpox and Its Associated Factors
3.4. Confidence in the Management and Diagnosis of Monkeypox
3.5. Medical Specialties
4. Discussion
4.1. Implications of the Findings
4.2. Limitations of This Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable(s) | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Age (in years) | ||
25–29 | 141 | 44.8 |
30–34 | 135 | 42.9 |
35–39 | 34 | 10.8 |
40 and more | 5 | 1.6 |
Gender | ||
Male | 208 | 66.0 |
Female | 107 | 34.0 |
Marital status | ||
Single | 138 | 43.8 |
Married | 177 | 56.2 |
Level of work | ||
R1 | 59 | 18.7 |
R2 | 51 | 16.2 |
R3 | 73 | 23.2 |
R4 | 98 | 31.1 |
R5 | 12 | 3.8 |
GP | 22 | 7.0 |
Medical Specialty | ||
Dentist | 17 | 5.4 |
Preventive Medicine | 37 | 11.8 |
Emergency Medicine | 11 | 3.5 |
Family medicine | 70 | 22.2 |
General practitioner | 18 | 5.7 |
Internal Medicine | 76 | 24.1 |
Pediatric | 29 | 9.2 |
Surgery | 49 | 15.6 |
Dermatology | 8 | 2.5 |
Where is your work center? | ||
University KKU-Hospital | 14 | 4.4 |
Khamis Mushait Health Sector “MOH” | 63 | 20.0 |
Military Health Sector “AFHSR or MOI | 76 | 24.1 |
Abha Health Sector “MOH” | 162 | 51.4 |
Nature of your routine work in hospital/health center/clinic? | ||
Outpatient | 65 | 20.6 |
Inpatient and outpatient | 155 | 49.2 |
Others | 37 | 11.7 |
Inpatient | 24 | 7.6 |
Administrative * | 34 | 10.8 |
Medical practice experience in years | ||
<1 year | 34 | 10.8 |
1–5 years | 193 | 61.3 |
>5 years | 88 | 27.9 |
Had you ever received information about Mpox during residency or medical school education? | ||
Yes | 124 | 39.4 |
No | 191 | 60.6 |
Did you receive a copy of the Saudi MOH Protocol for Patients Suspected/Confirmed with Mpox? | ||
Yes | 114 | 36.2 |
No | 201 | 63.8 |
When was the first time you heard information about Mpox? | ||
Within last several days or weeks | 4 | 1.3 |
Within last month or later | 36 | 11.4 |
Within last 6 months or later | 260 | 82.5 |
I did not hear about it | 15 | 4.8 |
Did you attend any conference or lecture about Mpox? | ||
Yes | 73 | 23.2 |
No | 242 | 76.8 |
Items | Response, N (%) | |
---|---|---|
Yes | No | |
1. Mpox is prevalent in middle eastern countries | 56 (17.78) | 259 (82.22) |
2. Mpox is prevalent in Western and Central Africa | 148 (46.98) | 167 (53.01) |
3. There are human Mpox cases in Saudi Arabia | 143 (45.39) | 172 (54.6) |
4. Is Mpox a viral disease infection? | 286 (90.79) | 29 (9.2) |
5. Mpox is easily transmitted via droplet contact (e.g., sneezing, coughing, etc.) | 172 (54.60) | 143 (45.39) |
6. Mpox could be transmitted through intimate contact | 212 (67.30) | 103 (32.69) |
7. Is Mpox easily transmitted human-to-human? | 189 (60) | 126 (40) |
8. Could Mpox be transmitted through a bite of an infected monkey? | 142 (45.07) | 173 (54.92) |
9. Travelers from America and Europe are the main source of imported cases of Mpox | 126 (40) | 189 (60) |
10. Mpox and smallpox have similar signs and symptoms | 148 (46.98) | 167 (53.01) |
11. Mpox and chickenpox have similar signs and symptoms? | 136 (43.17) | 179 (56.8) |
12. A Flu-like syndrome is one of the early signs or symptoms of human Mpox? | 206 (65.39) | 109 (34.6) |
13. Rashes on the skin are one of the signs or symptoms of human Mpox? | 238 (75.56) | 77 (24.44) |
14. Mpox is diagnosed by taking a swab sample from the lesion for a polymerase chain reaction | 191 (60.63) | 124 (39.36) |
15. A person does not exhibit symptoms during the incubation period | 115 (36.50) | 200 (63.49) |
16. Incubation period of Mpox lasts between 3–5 days | 101 (32.21) | 214 (67.93) |
17. Diarrhea is one of the signs or symptoms of human Mpox? | 88 (27.93) | 227 (72.06) |
18. Lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) is one clinical sign or symptom that could be used to differentiate Mpox and smallpox cases? | 179 (56.82) | 136 (43.17) |
19. There is a specific treatment for Mpox? | 67 (21.26) | 248 (78.73) |
20. Analgesics and antipyretics can be given to manage local pains and fever caused by Mpox | 236 (74.92) | 79 (25.07) |
21. Antivirals are required in the management of human Mpox patients | 151 (47.93) | 164 (52.06) |
22. Antibiotics are required in the management of human Mpox patients | 28 (8.89) | 287 (91.11) |
23. People who got chickenpox vaccine are immunized against Mpox | 102 (32.38) | 213 (67.61) |
24. There is a specific vaccine for Mpox? | 54 (17.14) | 261 (82.85) |
Variables | Categories | Knowledge | Chi-Square Test/Fisher’s Exact Test | Regression Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall knowledge score | Poor | Good | p | AOR | 95% C.I. | p | ||
103 (32.7) | 212 (67.3) | |||||||
Age groups | 25–29 | 59 (41.8) | 82 (58.2) | 0.01 * | Ref. | |||
30–34 | 37 (27.4) | 98 (72.6) | 0.59 | 0.04 | 11.36 | 0.837 | ||
35–39 | 6 (17.6) | 28 (82.4) | 1.05 | 0.08 | 14.34 | 0.985 | ||
40 and more | 1 (20.0) | 4 (80.0) | 1.33 | 0.09 | 17.58 | 0.912 | ||
Gender | Female | 69 (33.2) | 139 (66.8) | 0.80 | Ref. | |||
Male | 34 (31.8) | 73 (68.2) | 0.89 | 0.43 | 1.86 | 0.756 | ||
Marital status | Married | 52 (37.7) | 86 (62.3) | 0.12 | Ref. | |||
Single | 51 (28.8) | 126 (71.2) | 1.19 | 0.57 | 2.48 | 0.651 | ||
Level of work | R1 | 30 (50.8) | 29 (49.2) | 0.01 * | Ref | |||
R2 | 19 (37.3) | 32 (62.7) | 1.58 | 0.09 | 26.94 | 0.753 | ||
R3 | 16 (21.9) | 57 (78.1) | 2.17 | 0.11 | 13.91 | 0.613 | ||
R4 | 15 (15.3) | 83 (84.7) | 4.38 | 0.21 | 10.37 | 0.338 | ||
R5 | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | 7.23 | 0.34 | 13.61 | 0.205 | ||
GP | 16 (72.7) | 6 (27.3) | 4.92 | 0.18 | 18.29 | 0.349 | ||
Medical Specialty | Dentist | 7 (41.1) | 10 (58.8) | 0.01 * | Ref. | |||
Preventive Medicine | 3 (8.1) | 34 (91.9) | 0.624 | 0.488 | 0.797 | 0.001 * | ||
Emergency Medicine | 2 (18.2) | 9 (81.8) | 1.134 | 0.900 | 1.429 | 0.286 | ||
Family medicine | 18 (25.8) | 52 (74.3) | 0.902 | 0.568 | 1.433 | 0.661 | ||
General practitioner | 14 (77.8) | 4 (22.2) | 0.934 | 0.672 | 1.297 | 0.682 | ||
Internal Medicine | 16 (21.1) | 60 (78.9) | 1.082 | 0.812 | 1.442 | 0.589 | ||
Pediatric | 9 (31) | 20 (69) | 0.912 | 0.537 | 1.551 | 0.735 | ||
Surgery | 34 (69.4) | 15 (30.6) | 0.977 | 0.626 | 1.525 | 0.919 | ||
Dermatology | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | 1.048 | 0.880 | 1.247 | 0.601 | ||
Where is your work center? | University Health Sector | 3 (21.4) | 11 (78.6) | 0.83 | Ref. | 1 | ||
Khamis Mushait Health Sector | 21 (33.3) | 42 (66.7) | 1.05 | 0.14 | 8.08 | 0.966 | ||
Military Health Sector | 26 (34.2) | 50 (65.8) | 1.24 | 0.45 | 3.41 | 0.672 | ||
Abha Health Sector | 53 (32.7) | 109 (67.2) | 1.07 | 0.49 | 2.35 | 0.866 | ||
Nature of your routine work in hospital/health center/clinic? | Outpatient | 16 (24.6) | 49 (75.4) | 0.01 * | Ref. | 1 | ||
Inpatient and outpatient | 65 (41.9) | 90 (58.1) | 0.71 | 0.16 | 3.13 | 0.648 | ||
Others | 11 (29.7) | 26 (70.2) | 0.52 | 0.13 | 2.02 | 0.341 | ||
Inpatient | 7 (29.2) | 17 (70.8) | 0.26 | 0.05 | 1.40 | 0.118 | ||
Administrative ** | 4 (11.8) | 30 (88.2) | 0.70 | 0.12 | 4.28 | 0.700 | ||
Medical practice experience | <1 year | 18 (52.9) | 16 (47.1) | 0.01 * | Ref. | 1 | ||
1–5 years | 66 (34.2) | 127 (65.8) | 1.19 | 0.28 | 5.09 | 0.808 | ||
>5 years | 19 (21.6) | 69 (78.4) | 0.87 | 0.35 | 2.15 | 0.758 | ||
Received information about Mpox during residency or medical school education | Yes | 31 (25.0) | 93 (75.0) | 0.02 * | Ref. | 1 | ||
No | 72 (37.7) | 119 (62.3) | 0.96 | 0.44 | 2.09 | 0.927 | ||
Received a copy of the Saudi MOH Protocol for Mpox management | Yes | 13 (11.4) | 101 (88.6) | 0.01 * | 4.25 | 2.49 | 5.64 | 0.001 * |
No | 90 (44.8) | 111 (55.2) | Ref. | 1 | ||||
First time hearing information about Mpox | I did not hear about it | 1 (33.3) | 3 (63.7) | 0.01 * | Ref. | 1 | ||
Within last several days or weeks | 17 (47.2) | 19 (52.8) | 0.12 | 0.09 | 3.77 | 0.999 | ||
Within last month or later | 74 (28.5) | 186 (71.5) | 1.91 | 0.32 | 11.58 | 0.480 | ||
Within last 6 months or later | 12 (80.0) | 3 (20.0) | 3.21 | 0.65 | 15.81 | 0.152 | ||
Attended any conferences or lectures about Mpox | Yes | 15 (20.5) | 58 (79.5) | 0.01 * | 3.34 | 2.12 | 6.96 | 0.001 * |
No | 88 (36.4) | 154 (63.6) | Ref. | 1 |
Items | Answer | N | % |
---|---|---|---|
1. Are you confident to manage Mpox cases, if any, based on your current knowledge and skills? | Yes | 87 | 27.6 |
No | 228 | 72.4 | |
2. Are you confident to diagnose Mpox cases based on your current knowledge and skills? | Yes | 121 | 38.4 |
No | 194 | 61.6 | |
3. Are you confident to diagnose Mpox cases based on the ability of your current facility to do diagnostic test? | Yes | 112 | 35.6 |
No | 203 | 64.4 |
Variables | Categories | Confidence | Chi-Square Test/Fisher’s Exact Test | Regression Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall Confidence score | Low | High | p | AOR | 95% C.I. | p | ||
206 (65.4) | 109 (34.6) | Lower | Upper | |||||
Age groups | 25–29 | 102 (72.34) | 39 (27.65) | 0.018 * | Ref. | 1 | ||
30–34 | 86 (63.70) | 49 (36.29) | 1.44 | 0.13 | 16.40 | 0.768 | ||
35–39 | 15 (44.11) | 19 (55.88) | 1.54 | 0.14 | 16.42 | 0.720 | ||
40 and more | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | 2.05 | 0.18 | 22.98 | 0.559 | ||
Gender | Female | 76 (71.02) | 31(28.97) | 0.132 | Ref. | 1 | ||
Male | 130 (62.5) | 78 (37.5) | 1.41 | 0.68 | 2.92 | 0.362 | ||
Marital status | Married | 114 (64.40) | 63 (35.59) | 0.676 | Ref. | 1 | ||
Single | 92 (66.66) | 46 (33.33) | 1.50 | 0.75 | 3.01 | 0.251 | ||
Level of work | R1 | 46 (77.96) | 13 (22.04) | <0.001 * | Ref. | 1 | ||
R2 | 37 (72.54) | 14 (27.45) | 1.33 | 0.55 | 3.26 | 0.528 | ||
R3 | 47 (64.38) | 26 (35.61) | 0.57 | 0.24 | 1.33 | 0.192 | ||
R4 | 46 (46.93) | 52 (53.06) | 5.15 | 1.94 | 13.68 | 0.001 * | ||
R5 | 11 (91.66) | 1 (8.33) | 1.05 | 0.79 | 1.38 | 0.748 | ||
GP | 19 (86.36) | 3 (13.63) | 1.01 | 0.54 | 1.89 | 0.979 | ||
Medical Specialty | Dentist | 13 (76.47) | 4 (23.52) | <0.001 * | Ref. | 1 | ||
Preventive Medicine | 14 (37.83) | 23 (62.16) | 1.02 | 0.60 | 1.75 | 0.939 | ||
Emergency Medicine | 5 (45.45) | 6 (54.54) | 0.15 | 0.017 | 1.34 | 0.090 | ||
Family medicine | 42 (60) | 28 (40) | 0.82 | 0.451 | 1.47 | 0.499 | ||
General practitioner | 15 (83.33) | 3 (16.66) | 0.99 | 0.76 | 1.29 | 0.924 | ||
Internal Medicine | 51 (67.10) | 25 (32.89) | 0.99 | 0.88 | 1.11 | 0.854 | ||
Pediatric | 19 (65.51) | 10 (34.48) | 0.76 | 0.47 | 1.21 | 0.245 | ||
Surgery | 47 (95.91) | 2 (4.08) | 1.42 | 0.62 | 3.23 | 0.404 | ||
Dermatology | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | 1.70 | 1.06 | 2.73 | 0.029 * | ||
Where is your work center? | University Health Sector | 6 (42.85) | 8 (57.14) | 0.112 * | Ref. | 1 | ||
Khamis Mushait Health Sector | 44 (69.84) | 19 (30.15) | 3.543 | 0.63 | 20.01 | 0.152 | ||
Military Health Sector | 55 (72.36) | 21 (27.63) | 0.621 | 0.25 | 1.56 | 0.310 | ||
Abha Health Sector | 101 (62.34) | 61 (37.65) | 0.605 | 0.26 | 1.41 | 0.246 | ||
Nature of your routine work in hospital/health center/clinic? | Outpatient | 40 (61.53) | 25 (38.46) | 0.005 * | Ref. | 1 | ||
Inpatient and outpatient | 116 (74.83) | 39 (25.16) | 1.19 | 0.41 | 3.51 | 0.744 | ||
Others | 22 (59.45) | 15 (40.54) | 1.34 | 0.45 | 4.01 | 0.602 | ||
Inpatient | 11 (45.83) | 13 (54.16) | 0.96 | 0.29 | 3.17 | 0.947 | ||
Administrative ** | 17 (50) | 17 (50) | 2.26 | 1.18 | 3.89 | 0.031 * | ||
Medical practice experience | <1 year | 29 (85.29) | 5 (14.70) | <0.001 * | Ref. | 1 | ||
1–5 years | 131 (67.87) | 62 (32.12) | 0.31 | 0.06 | 1.48 | 0.141 | ||
>5 years | 46 (52.27) | 42 (47.72) | 0.57 | 0.26 | 1.26 | 0.163 | ||
Received information about Mpox during residency or medical school education | Yes | 61 (49.19) | 63 (50.80) | Ref. | 1 | |||
No | 145 (75.91) | 46 (24.08) | <0.001 * | 2.27 | 1.16 | 4.45 | 0.016 * | |
Received a copy of the Saudi MOH Protocol for Mpox management | Yes | 54 (47.36) | 60 (52.63) | <0.001 * | Ref. | 1 | ||
No | 152 (75.62) | 49 (24.37) | 1.48 | 0.75 | 2.91 | 0.261 | ||
First time hearing information about monkeypox | I did not hear about it | 13 (86.66) | 2 (13.33) | 0.204 | Ref. | 1 | ||
Within last several days or weeks | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | 1.09 | 0.04 | 9.93 | 0.957 | ||
Within last month or later | 26 (72.22) | 10 (27.77) | 1.43 | 0.18 | 7.49 | 0.737 | ||
Within last 6 months or later | 165 (63.46) | 95 (36.53) | 1.58 | 0.24 | 5.31 | 0.634 | ||
Attended any conferences or lectures about monkeypox | Yes | 29 (39.72) | 44 (60.27) | <0.001 * | Ref. | 1 | ||
No | 177 (73.14) | 65 (26.85) | 1.46 | 0.67 | 3.18 | 0.336 |
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Shafei, A.M.; Al-Mosaa, K.M.; Alshahrani, N.Z.; ALAmmari, M.H.M.; Almuhlafi, M.O.O.; Draim, N.H.A.A.; Alwadie, A.M.; Alghrab, A.I. Resident Physicians’ Knowledge and Preparedness Regarding Human Monkeypox: A Cross-Sectional Study from Saudi Arabia. Pathogens 2023, 12, 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12070872
Shafei AM, Al-Mosaa KM, Alshahrani NZ, ALAmmari MHM, Almuhlafi MOO, Draim NHAA, Alwadie AM, Alghrab AI. Resident Physicians’ Knowledge and Preparedness Regarding Human Monkeypox: A Cross-Sectional Study from Saudi Arabia. Pathogens. 2023; 12(7):872. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12070872
Chicago/Turabian StyleShafei, Ali Mohammad, Khalid M. Al-Mosaa, Najm Z. Alshahrani, Mohammed Hassan Mohammed ALAmmari, Mashael Obaid Othman Almuhlafi, Nasser Hassan Awdah Al Draim, Afnan Misfer Alwadie, and Abdullah Ibrahim Alghrab. 2023. "Resident Physicians’ Knowledge and Preparedness Regarding Human Monkeypox: A Cross-Sectional Study from Saudi Arabia" Pathogens 12, no. 7: 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12070872
APA StyleShafei, A. M., Al-Mosaa, K. M., Alshahrani, N. Z., ALAmmari, M. H. M., Almuhlafi, M. O. O., Draim, N. H. A. A., Alwadie, A. M., & Alghrab, A. I. (2023). Resident Physicians’ Knowledge and Preparedness Regarding Human Monkeypox: A Cross-Sectional Study from Saudi Arabia. Pathogens, 12(7), 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12070872