Cell-Type Apoptosis in Lung during SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Similar Pulmonary Pathology Was Observed in Humans and Non-Human Primates Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection
2.2. Extensive Apoptotic Signals Were Detected in the Lung Tissues of Humans and NHPs Following SARS-CoV-2 Infections
2.3. Cell Type Identification of Apoptosis in NHP Lung Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection
2.4. Both Intrinsic and Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathways Are Activated Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection
2.5. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Triggers Apoptosis in Non-Permissive Cells
2.6. Pharmacological Activators of EPAC1 Reduce Endothelial Apoptosis in Vero Cells and HUVECs co-Culture Following Infection with SARS-CoV-2
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Clinical Specimens
4.2. Biosafety Level and Study Subjects
4.3. Co-Culture of Vero Cells and HUVECs or Vero Cells and BEAS2B Cells
4.4. In Situ TUNEL Staining and Quantitative Analysis of TUNEL Signals
4.5. IF-TUNEL Dual Staining
4.6. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Liu, Y.; Garron, T.M.; Chang, Q.; Su, Z.; Zhou, C.; Qiu, Y.; Gong, E.C.; Zheng, J.; Yin, Y.W.; Ksiazek, T.; et al. Cell-Type Apoptosis in Lung during SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pathogens 2021, 10, 509. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050509
Liu Y, Garron TM, Chang Q, Su Z, Zhou C, Qiu Y, Gong EC, Zheng J, Yin YW, Ksiazek T, et al. Cell-Type Apoptosis in Lung during SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pathogens. 2021; 10(5):509. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050509
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Yakun, Tania M. Garron, Qing Chang, Zhengchen Su, Changcheng Zhou, Yuan Qiu, Eric C. Gong, Junying Zheng, Y. Whitney Yin, Thomas Ksiazek, and et al. 2021. "Cell-Type Apoptosis in Lung during SARS-CoV-2 Infection" Pathogens 10, no. 5: 509. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050509