Non-SARS Non-MERS Human Coronaviruses: Clinical Characteristics and Outcome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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OC43 N = 570 | NL63 N = 233 | 229E N = 125 | HKU1 N = 134 | Total N = 1062 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Mean ± SD | 10.4 ± 23.12 | 12.1 ± 23.60 | 26.5 ± 31.93 | 17.8 ± 28.05 | 13.6 ± 25.57 | <0.0001 |
Asthma | 136 (23.9%) | 38 (16.3%) | 25 (20.0%) | 22 (16.4%) | 221 (20.8%) | 0.0508 |
COPD | 18 (3.2%) | 7 (3.0%) | 7 (5.6%) | 6 (4.5%) | 38 (3.6%) | 0.4595 |
Congenital Heart Disease | 127 (22.3%) | 67 (28.8%) | 22 (17.6%) | 31 (23.1%) | 247 (23.3%) | 0.0899 |
Diabetes | 45 (7.9%) | 22 (9.4%) | 36 (28.8%) | 19 (14.2%) | 122 (11.5%) | <0.0001 |
Heart Failure | 51 (8.9%) | 22 (9.4%) | 27 (21.6%) | 18 (13.4%) | 118 (11.1%) | 0.0004 |
Hypertension | 51 (8.9%) | 26 (11.2%) | 35 (28.0%) | 21 (15.7%) | 133 (12.5%) | <0.0001 |
Immunosuppressed status * | 65 (11.4%) | 36 (15.5%) | 26 (20.8%) | 27 (20.1%) | 154 (14.5%) | 0.0073 |
Inhaled steroids use | 110 (19.3%) | 36 (15.5%) | 22 (17.6%) | 21 (15.7%) | 189 (17.8%) | 0.5375 |
OC43 | NL63 | 229E | HKU1 | Total | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contact with flu patients within 14 days | 235 (41.2%) | 87 (37.3%) | 27 (21.6%) | 33 (24.6%) | 382 (36.0%) | <0.0001 |
Recent hospitalization within 30 days | 158 (27.7%) | 58 (24.9%) | 52 (41.6%) | 33 (24.6%) | 301 (28.3%) | 0.0042 |
Community acquired | 537 (94.2%) | 209 (89.7%) | 108 (86.4%) | 115 (85.8%) | 969 (91.2%) | 0.0014 |
Hospital acquired * | 33 (5.8%) | 24 (10.3%) | 17 (13.6%) | 19 (14.2%) | 93 (8.8%) | 0.0014 |
ICU acquired ** | 1 (3.0%) | 1 (4.2%) | 1 (5.9%) | 00 | 3 (3.2%) | 0.8840 |
OC43 | NL63 | 229E | HKU1 | Total | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fever | 438 (76.8%) | 172 (73.8%) | 91 (72.8%) | 97 (72.4%) | 798 (75.1%) | 0.5701 |
Productive cough | 336 (58.9%) | 121 (51.9%) | 57 (45.6%) | 65 (48.5%) | 579 (54.5%) | 0.0112 |
Shortness of breath | 305 (53.5%) | 112 (48.1%) | 65 (52.0%) | 69 (51.5%) | 551 (51.9%) | 0.5786 |
Upper respiratory symptoms | 278 (48.8%) | 103 (44.2%) | 46 (36.8%) | 55 (41.0%) | 482 (45.4%) | 0.0575 |
OC43 | NL63 | 229E | HKU1 | Total | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Detection | 282 (26.55) | 122 (11.49) | 74 (6.97) | 74 (6.97) | 535 (50.38) | 0.0517 |
Adenovirus | 89 (15.6%) | 24 (10.3%) | 14 (11.2%) | 28 (20.9%) | 155 (14.6%) | 0.0250 |
Human Rhinovirus | 126 (22.1%) | 72 (30.9%) | 30 (24.0%) | 41 (30.6%) | 269 (25.3%) | 0.0288 |
Human metapneumo virus | 25 (4.4%) | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (0.8%) | 6 (4.5%) | 34 (3.2%) | 0.0123 |
Influenza A | 18 (3.2%) | 10 (4.3%) | 5 (4.0%) | 4 (3.0%) | 37 (3.5%) | 0.7933 |
Influenza B | 9 (1.6%) | 3 (1.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 | 13 (1.2%) | 0.6774 |
Parainfluenza virus 1 | 4 (0.7%) | 5 (2.1%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 | 10 (0.9%) | 0.1783 |
Parainfluenza virus 2 | 0 | 1 (0.4%) | 3 (2.4%) | 2 (1.5%) | 6 (0.6%) | 0.0015 |
Parainfluenza virus 3 | 13 (2.3%) | 4 (1.7%) | 1 (0.8%) | 5 (3.7%) | 23 (2.2%) | 0.4495 |
Parainfluenza virus 4 | 3 (0.5%) | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (0.8%) | 3 (2.2%) | 9 (0.8%) | 0.2243 |
Respiratory syncytial virus | 91 (16.0%) | 27 (11.6%) | 6 (4.8%) | 22 (16.4%) | 146 (13.7%) | 0.0058 |
OC43 | NL63 | 229E | HKU1 | Total | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hospitalization. Mean Days (SD) | 17.4 ± 92.59 | 10.7 ± 25.63 | 29.4 ± 83.33 | 29.2 ± 131.83 | 18.8 ± 88.27 | <0.0001 |
ICU admission | 61 (10.7%) | 36 (15.5%) | 33 (26.4%) | 27 (20.1%) | 157 (14.8%) | <0.0001 |
Required invasive ventilation | 32 (56.1%) | 24 (68.6%) | 23 (67.6%) | 12 (44.4%) | 91 (59.5%) | 0.3220 |
30-day mortality | 7 (1.2%) | 5 (2.1%) | 8 (6.4%) | 4 (3.0%) | 24 (2.3%) | 0.0081 |
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Saib, I.; Aleisa, S.; Ardah, H.; Mahmoud, E.; Alharbi, A.O.; Alsaedy, A.; Aljohani, S.; Alshehri, A.; Alharbi, N.K.; Bosaeed, M. Non-SARS Non-MERS Human Coronaviruses: Clinical Characteristics and Outcome. Pathogens 2021, 10, 1549. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121549
Saib I, Aleisa S, Ardah H, Mahmoud E, Alharbi AO, Alsaedy A, Aljohani S, Alshehri A, Alharbi NK, Bosaeed M. Non-SARS Non-MERS Human Coronaviruses: Clinical Characteristics and Outcome. Pathogens. 2021; 10(12):1549. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121549
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaib, Israa, Saud Aleisa, Husam Ardah, Ebrahim Mahmoud, Ahmad O. Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alsaedy, Sameera Aljohani, Ahmed Alshehri, Naif Khalaf Alharbi, and Mohammad Bosaeed. 2021. "Non-SARS Non-MERS Human Coronaviruses: Clinical Characteristics and Outcome" Pathogens 10, no. 12: 1549. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121549
APA StyleSaib, I., Aleisa, S., Ardah, H., Mahmoud, E., Alharbi, A. O., Alsaedy, A., Aljohani, S., Alshehri, A., Alharbi, N. K., & Bosaeed, M. (2021). Non-SARS Non-MERS Human Coronaviruses: Clinical Characteristics and Outcome. Pathogens, 10(12), 1549. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121549