Theorising Gender-Based Violence Policies: A 7P Framework
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Evolution of the 7P Model
- Policy is the basis of the approach and refers to both a coherent set of measures with a clear vision and strategy, and specific policy documents detailing such measures.
- Prevalence and incidence estimates contribute to evidence-based policymaking. Data can be collected through surveys or administrative processes (e.g., the registration of complaints). Importantly, data collection and analysis must take an intersectional approach, taking into account, for example, people’s ethnicity and origin, age, gender identity, sexual orientation, as well as their function within the organisation.
- Prevention refers to measures that promote changes in social and cultural behaviour. This may include induction materials for both staff and students; internal and external publicity and training; and public statements and visuals.
- Protection is about ensuring safety and meeting the needs of (potential) victims and survivors, with the objective to avoid (further) harm being inflicted. This includes clear processes, procedures, and infrastructure for reporting occurrences, and training for those responsible for handling cases. Protection may comprise measures such as a restraining order or offering a change of dormitory, student group, unit or supervisor.
- Prosecution and disciplinary measures cover legal and disciplinary proceedings against perpetrators, and related investigative measures and judicial proceedings. This includes possible warnings, suspension, termination of employment and study, as legally appropriate, and liaison with legal, police and criminal justice organisations and professionals.
- Provision of services refers to the services offered to support victims, families, bystanders, perpetrators and the community affected by gender-based violence. It can include counselling; legal, psychological and medical support; accommodating different exam, study or teaching schedules; and also rehabilitation programmes for perpetrators. Importantly, the availability of services needs to be well known by all staff and students as well as by managers and supervisors.
- Partnerships relate to the involvement of relevant actors at all levels, such as governmental agencies, civil society organisations, trade unions, or staff and student associations.
2. Materials and Methods
- Micro level: Prevalence and impacts of gender-based violence are analysed via data gathered by a survey sampling 46 research organisations (N = 42,000), by a Europe-wide survey of mobile researchers and interviews with early career researchers.
- Meso level: Organisational responses and infrastructure are analysed via data gathered by in-depth case studies, interviews, and a strategic mapping of research organisations in 15 member states.
- Macro level: Legal and policy frameworks are analysed via extensive mapping by national experts in EU26, the UK and three Associated States.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Gaps in the Coverage of the 7Ps
3.2. Gaps in Addressing Intersectionality
3.3. Further Refinement of the Conceptualisation of the 7Ps
3.4. Newly Emergent Insights: Principles Underpinning the 7P Model
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Mergaert, L.; Linková, M.; Strid, S. Theorising Gender-Based Violence Policies: A 7P Framework. Soc. Sci. 2023, 12, 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12070385
Mergaert L, Linková M, Strid S. Theorising Gender-Based Violence Policies: A 7P Framework. Social Sciences. 2023; 12(7):385. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12070385
Chicago/Turabian StyleMergaert, Lut, Marcela Linková, and Sofia Strid. 2023. "Theorising Gender-Based Violence Policies: A 7P Framework" Social Sciences 12, no. 7: 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12070385