Research Development and Key Issues of Pervious Concrete: A Review
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Raw Materials for PC
2.1. Aggregate
2.2. Gradation and Grain Size
2.3. Water–Cement Ratio
2.4. Cement Admixtures and Additives
3. Preparation of PC
3.1. Design of Mix Proportion
3.2. Mixing and Moulding
4. Strength Characteristics of PC
5. Porosity, Permeability, and Characteristics
5.1. Factors Affecting Porosity
5.2. Effective Stress Principle and Pore Structure
- (1)
- Reducing the friction head loss by doping surfactant.
- (2)
- Reducing impingement, vortexing and bypassing resistance loss by changing the shape of the coarse aggregate by special mechanism sand.
- (3)
- An appropriate increase in aggregate particle size by using modified cementitious materials without reducing strength.
6. Durability of PC
6.1. Blockage Resistance
6.2. Freeze Thaw Durability
6.3. Abrasion Resistance
7. Discussions
- 1.
- In terms of research results, there is currently insufficient research in the literature on the correlation between various influencing factors, and there are even contradictory research results on some influencing factors.
- 2.
- In terms of the mechanism of damage, the cracking law and mechanism of the performance of permeable recycled aggregate concrete under multi factor coupling are worthy of in-depth study. In addition, it is necessary to study the reinforcement mechanism of high-strength cementitious materials at the micro level.
- 3.
- In terms of preparation and testing, there is no unified standard for the preparation and testing of PC, and there are still some shortcomings in the existing preparation process. The strength and permeability of PC cannot be effectively predicted through mix design, and the reliability is poor, with many technical defects.
- 4.
- In terms of sustainable adsorption, it is still unclear whether the pollutants removed by physical adsorption, chemical binding, biological retention, photocatalysis, etc. are in a stable state. Further research is needed to achieve sustainable pollutant removal and optimise pollutant removal efficiency.
- 5.
- In terms of the concept of green development, research topics and application technologies related to the use of plant-based PC for water storage and crop irrigation in arid and water scarce areas are still insufficient.
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specification | Dry-Rodded Unit Weight, kg/m3 | Relative Density (Specific Gravity) | Absorption Capacity | Size Range |
---|---|---|---|---|
Natural coase aggregate (NCA) | 1449 | 2.73 | 0.5% | 0.3–12.5 mm |
Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) | 1284 | 2.35 | 5.5% |
Processing Processes | Pending Items | Equipment Used | Achieve the Goal |
---|---|---|---|
Crushing and Screening | Waste Concrete | Screening Equipment | Separate Aggregates |
Removing Pollutants | Aggregate | Water Flotation Separators, Separators, and Magnets | Remove Impurities |
Plastic Surgery Treatment | Recycled Aggregate | Mechanical Grinding Equipment | Improve Performance |
Calcination and Grinding | Recycled Aggregate | Rotary Kiln | Remove Impurities |
Final Programme | The calcined aggregate can be further processed into the required particle size through grinding equipment. |
Factors | Water–Cement Ratio | Porosity | Recycled Aggregate Particle Size and Grading | Replacement Rate of Recycled Aggregate | Molding Methods | Addition of Fibers | Freeze–Thaw Cycle | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strength | ||||||||
Changes in compressive strength | ↗↘ | ↘ | ↗↘ | ↘ | ↗ | ↗↘ | ↘ | |
Changes in tensile strength | ↗↘ | ↘ | ↗↘ | ↘ | ↗ | ↗↘ | ↘ | |
Changes in flexural strength | ↗↘ | ↘ | ↗↘ | ↘ | ↗ | ↗↘ | ↘ |
Factors | Water–Cement Ratio | Porosity | Recycled Aggregate Particle Size | Replacement Rate of Recycled Aggregate | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Aggregate | Addition of Rubber or Fibre | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Durability | |||||||
Wear resistance changes | ↗ | ↘ | ↗ | ↘ | ↗ | ↗ | |
Changes in freeze–thaw damage | ↘ | ↘ | ↗ | ↘ | ↗ | ↗ | |
Resistance to sulfuric acid erosion changes | ↘ | ↘ |
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Cui, B.; Luo, A.; Zhang, X.; Huang, P. Research Development and Key Issues of Pervious Concrete: A Review. Buildings 2024, 14, 3419. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113419
Cui B, Luo A, Zhang X, Huang P. Research Development and Key Issues of Pervious Concrete: A Review. Buildings. 2024; 14(11):3419. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113419
Chicago/Turabian StyleCui, Bo, Aizhong Luo, Xiaohu Zhang, and Ping Huang. 2024. "Research Development and Key Issues of Pervious Concrete: A Review" Buildings 14, no. 11: 3419. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113419
APA StyleCui, B., Luo, A., Zhang, X., & Huang, P. (2024). Research Development and Key Issues of Pervious Concrete: A Review. Buildings, 14(11), 3419. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113419