Investigation of the Effect of Air Layer Thickness on the Thermal Performance of the PCM Integrated Roof
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Setup
2.1. Materials and Testing
2.2. Instrumentation and Measurement
2.3. Climatic Data Deduction
3. Results and Discussion
Effect on Room Temperature Variation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
f | Time lag (hr) |
Dimensionless time lag | |
Fsky | Shape factor for horizontal surface (=1 for the rooftop slab and sky) |
h | Heat transfer coefficient, (W/m2 K) |
I | Solar radiation, (W/m2) |
PCM | Phase Change Materials |
q | Heat flux, (W/m2) |
Q | Solar heat gain, (W/m2) |
T | Temperature, (K) |
V | Velocity, (m/s) |
Vo | Volume, (m3) |
Greek Letters | |
α | |
ε | Emissivity of rooftop slab |
ϕ | Decrement factor |
Dimensionless decrement factor | |
σ | Stefan Boltzmann constant, (W/m2 K4) |
Subscript | |
B | Brick |
C | Concrete |
combined | Combined radiative and convective conditions |
ceiling | Ceiling conditions |
d | Direct solar radiation |
i | Indoor conditions |
o | Ambient or outdoor conditions |
P | PCM |
roof | Roof conditions |
sky | Clear sky conditions |
sol-air | Solar air |
Appendix A
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Authors | PCM Used in | Climatic Conditions | Parameters Studied | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ascione et al. [14] | wall | Five Mediterranean climatic cities | PCM layer thickness | Maximum cooling energy savings are attained for a PCM plaster of 3 cm thickness. |
Li et al. [16] | Roof | Northeast and cold regions of China | Increasing PCM layer thickness decreases the peak time of the average temperature of a base layer and upper surface heat flux. | |
Tokuc et al. [17] | Roof | Mediterranean climate of İstanbul, Turkey | Optimum PCM layer thickness is suitable for achieving energy conservation in flat roofs of the city of Istanbul. | |
Saffari et al. [18] | Wall | Warm and temperate Climate of the city of Madrid | PCM layer thickness of 10 mm provides greater energy savings and a payback period. | |
Singh and Bhat [19] | Roof | Hot and dry climate of the city of Indore, India | Optimum PCM layer thickness of 16 mm can reduce the cooling load in the building. | |
Arici et al. [20] | Wall | Erzurum, Diyarbakır, and Konya cities, Turkey. | Optimum PCM layer thickness varies from 1 to 20 mm depending on the climatic zone. | |
Jin et al. [21] | Wall | Dynamic wall simulator | PCM layer location | Optimal position of the PCM layer is approximately 0.2 times the total length of the wall from the internal surface of the wall. The optimal position of the PCM layer shows 41% of peak heat flux reduction. |
Nidhal Ben Khedher [22] | Wall | Tropical climate of Tunisia | The PCM n-octadecane performs best for maintaining an indoor temperature close to 27 °C for the test room. | |
Lee et al. [23] | Wall | Warm and temperate Climate of the city of Lawrence, KS, USA | Optimal PCM location on the south wall is 2.54 cm, whereas, for a west wall, it is 1.27 cm from the location of the wallboard. Peak heat flux reduction for these optimal locations is 29.7% and 51.3% for the west and south, respectively. | |
Lagou et al. [24] | Wall | Southern, central, and northern European climatic conditions | PCM layer placement should be on the inside of the building for yearly energy saving. | |
Pasupathy and Velraj [25] | Roof | Hot and humid climate of the city of Chennai, India | Single and double-layer PCM | Double-layer PCM narrows indoor temperature swings. |
Jin and Zhang [26] | Floor | Humid subtropical climate of the city of Nanjing, China | PCM layer should be located near the cold source and floor surface in the case of the cooling system and heating system, respectively. | |
Bhamare et al. [27] | Roof | Hot and humid climate of the city of Chennai, India | PCM layer Inclination | Maximum reduction in heat gain savings is obtained for a PCM slab inclination of 2°. |
ƒ (hr) | ϕ | (Wh/m2) | ƒ′ | ϕ′ | MKR Index | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-PCM | 1.50 | 0.87 | 2211.54 | - | - | - | - |
PCM with 0 cm air layer | 2.00 | 0.36 | 599.27 | 1.33 | 0.41 | 0.27 | 5.40 |
PCM with 2 cm air layer | 3.00 | 0.35 | 557.45 | 2.00 | 0.40 | 0.25 | 8.83 |
PCM with 4 cm air layer | 2.00 | 0.38 | 622.89 | 1.33 | 0.43 | 0.28 | 5.07 |
PCM with 6 cm air layer | 2.00 | 0.36 | 628.09 | 1.33 | 0.41 | 0.28 | 5.17 |
Configuration | (W hr/m2) | (W hr/m2) | (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PCM with 0 cm air layer | 599.27 | 2211.54 | 0.27 | 73 |
PCM with 2 cm air layer | 557.45 | 2211.54 | 0.25 | 75 |
PCM with 4 cm air layer | 622.89 | 2211.54 | 0.28 | 72 |
PCM with 6 cm air layer | 628.09 | 2211.54 | 0.28 | 72 |
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Bhamare, D.K.; Rathod, M.K.; Banerjee, J.; Arıcı, M. Investigation of the Effect of Air Layer Thickness on the Thermal Performance of the PCM Integrated Roof. Buildings 2023, 13, 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020488
Bhamare DK, Rathod MK, Banerjee J, Arıcı M. Investigation of the Effect of Air Layer Thickness on the Thermal Performance of the PCM Integrated Roof. Buildings. 2023; 13(2):488. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020488
Chicago/Turabian StyleBhamare, Dnyandip K., Manish K. Rathod, Jyotirmay Banerjee, and Müslüm Arıcı. 2023. "Investigation of the Effect of Air Layer Thickness on the Thermal Performance of the PCM Integrated Roof" Buildings 13, no. 2: 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020488