The Effect of Village Morphological Variation Caused by Economic Development on Residents’ Health and Rural Ventilation in Tianjin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Morphological Analysis
2.1. Study Region
2.2. Morphological Statistics
3. Methodology
3.1. CFD Simulation Method
3.2. Grid Sensitivity and Validation
3.3. Analysis Indices
3.3.1. Normalized Pollutant Concentration
3.3.2. Purging Flow Rate
3.3.3. Intake Fraction
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Pollutant Field
4.2. Ventilation Capacity
4.2.1. Courtyard
4.2.2. Street
4.3. Health Risks
4.3.1. Courtyard
4.3.2. Street
4.4. Development Suggestions
5. Conclusions
- For the northwest wind direction, the ventilation capacity of the courtyard in the northern part of the village can be improved when there are multi-story buildings in the north or west of the village. For the southeast wind direction, when multi-story buildings exist in the south and east of the village, the ventilation capacity of the courtyard in the southern part of the village can be improved.
- When there are multi-story buildings in the south of the village, the southern part of the village tends to form a high exposure risk area in the northwest wind direction. For the southeast wind direction, multi-story buildings in the north of the village are more likely to form a high exposure risk area in the northern part of the village.
- Morphology C2 and C4 both obtained seven stars, which are the best of the typical village morphologies for courtyard and central street ventilation. In addition, morphology O, C1, and C3 also received high star numbers, with six, five, and five stars, respectively.
- Morphology C is recommended for constructing multi-story residential buildings in the countryside of Tianjin. The morphologies without multi-story buildings in the west only (C2) and east only (C4) of the village are optimal.
- For a more generalized conclusion of other North China villages with different wind directions, the windward side of surrounding multi-story buildings increases the speed of the village’s incoming winds but also blocks the airflow when located on the opposite side.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Location | Type | Profiles/Conditions |
---|---|---|
Inlet | Velocity inlet | Equations (1), (3) and (4), 3 m/s |
Outlet | Outflow | |
Top | Symmetry | |
Ground | Wall | No-slip |
Building | Wall | No-slip |
Morphology | I1 | I2 | I3 | I4 | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | LL1 | LL2 | LL3 | LL4 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | O | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Courtyard (NW) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ||||||||||
Courtyard (SE) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ||||||||||
Street (NW) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ||||||||||
Street (SE) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ||||||||||
Per_IF | Courtyard (NW) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | |||||||||
Courtyard (SE) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ||||||||||
Street (NW) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ||||||||||
Street (SE) | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | ||||||||||
Total star number | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 6 |
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Xu, F.; Gao, Z.; Xing, Y.; Wu, Z.; Zhang, J.; Liao, Y.; Hu, Y. The Effect of Village Morphological Variation Caused by Economic Development on Residents’ Health and Rural Ventilation in Tianjin. Buildings 2022, 12, 1393. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091393
Xu F, Gao Z, Xing Y, Wu Z, Zhang J, Liao Y, Hu Y. The Effect of Village Morphological Variation Caused by Economic Development on Residents’ Health and Rural Ventilation in Tianjin. Buildings. 2022; 12(9):1393. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091393
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Fusuo, Zhi Gao, Yuchen Xing, Zihao Wu, Jianshun Zhang, Yimin Liao, and Yongyu Hu. 2022. "The Effect of Village Morphological Variation Caused by Economic Development on Residents’ Health and Rural Ventilation in Tianjin" Buildings 12, no. 9: 1393. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091393