Pitting Corrosion Resistance and Repassivation Behavior of C-Bearing Duplex Stainless Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure
3.2. Partitioning of Alloying Elements
3.3. Resistance to Pitting Corrosion
3.4. Resistance to Uniform Corrosion
3.5. Galvanic Corrosion Between the Two Constituent Phases
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The microstructural analyses revealed that the two DSSs after solution treatments had dual-phase microstructures without non-metallic inclusions and precipitates. They had similar initial microstructure, such as grain sizes and phase fractions. Cr partitioning was promoted by C-substitution for N in the DSS, and the γ phase of DSS-NC contained N with a meaningful amount of C (0.26N-0.15C wt%) while that of the DSS-N had N only (0.40 wt%).
- (2)
- Polarization tests performed in 2–5 M NaCl solutions and immersion tests in a 6% FeCl3 + 1% HCl solution revealed that the DSS-NC possessed higher resistance to stable pitting corrosion and repassivation tendency than the DSS-N. Furthermore, the corrosion pits initiated and propagated to less a corrosion resistant phase (i.e., α phase).
- (3)
- Polarization tests and corrosion depth measurements conducted in a HCl solution indicated that the DSS-NC exhibited a lower galvanic corrosion rate between the α and γ phases than the DSS-N. Therefore, the growth rate of pit embryo was lowered in the DSS-NC, which shifted the potentials for the stable pit initiation and the pit extinction to the higher values.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alloy | Fe | Cr | Ni | Mo | Mn | N | C | S | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DSS-N | Balanced | 22.48 | 5.17 | 3.10 | 1.46 | 0.24 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
DSS-NC | 22.43 | 5.18 | 3.14 | 1.46 | 0.13 | 0.090 | 0.006 | 0.004 |
Purpose | Experiment | Test Condition | |
---|---|---|---|
Evaluation of resistance to pitting corrosion | Measurement of Epit | Linear potentiodynamic polarization test | Solution: 5 M NaCl (50 °C) Potential sweep rate: 2 mV s−1 |
Measurements of Epit and Erp | Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization test | Solution: 2 M NaCl (50 °C) Potential sweep rate: 2 mV s−1 | |
Measurement of weight loss | Immersion test | solution: 6% FeCl3 + 1% HCl (50 °C) Immersion time: 12 h | |
Observation of pit initiation sites | Immersion test | Solution: 0.2 M HCl (25 °C) Immersion time: 4 h | |
Evaluation of resistance to uniform corrosion | Measurement of Ecorr, icorr, and icrit | Linear potentiodynamic polarization test | Solution: 0.2 M HCl (25) Potential sweep rate: 2 mV s−1 |
Evaluation of galvanic corrosion rate | Immersion test | Solution: 0.2 M HCl (25 °C) Immersion time: 40 min |
Test Condition | 5 M NaCl at 50 °C | 2 M NaCl at 50 °C | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alloy | Ecorr, VSCE | Epit, VSCE | ipassive at −0.1 VSCE, μA cm−2 | Ecorr, VSCE | Epit, VSCE | Erp, VSCE | ipassive at −0.1 VSCE, μA cm−2 |
DSS-N | −0.326 | 0.057 | 6.997 | −0.192 | 0.164 | 0.001 | 2.696 |
DSS-NC | −0.324 | 0.147 | 6.875 | −0.189 | 0.211 | 0.048 | 2.471 |
Alloy | Ecorr, VSCE | icorr, μA cm−2 | Polarization Resistance, Ohm cm−2 | Corrosion Rate, Milli-Inches per Year | icrit, μA cm−2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DSS-N | −0.405 | 117.29 | 355.35 | 54.18 | 158.32 |
DSS-NC | −0.377 | 61.44 | 517.25 | 28.38 | 104.94 |
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Yoon, H.; Ha, H.-Y.; Lee, T.-H.; Kim, S.-D.; Jang, J.H.; Moon, J.; Kang, N. Pitting Corrosion Resistance and Repassivation Behavior of C-Bearing Duplex Stainless Steel. Metals 2019, 9, 930. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9090930
Yoon H, Ha H-Y, Lee T-H, Kim S-D, Jang JH, Moon J, Kang N. Pitting Corrosion Resistance and Repassivation Behavior of C-Bearing Duplex Stainless Steel. Metals. 2019; 9(9):930. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9090930
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoon, Hanme, Heon-Young Ha, Tae-Ho Lee, Sung-Dae Kim, Jae Hoon Jang, Joonoh Moon, and Namhyun Kang. 2019. "Pitting Corrosion Resistance and Repassivation Behavior of C-Bearing Duplex Stainless Steel" Metals 9, no. 9: 930. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9090930