Inclusion Modification in C104Cr Saw Wire Steel with Different Cerium Content
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments
2.1. Experimental Procedure
2.2. Analysis Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Effect of the Cerium Addition on S and Total Oxygen (T.O) Content in C104Cr Steel
3.2. The Effect of the Cerium Addition on the Characteristics of Inclusions
3.3. The Effect of the Cerium Addition on the Number, Size, and Distribution of Inclusions
3.4. Discussion on Evolution Mechanism of CeP, CeAs, and Cerium Composite Inclusions
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ce | N | T.O | S | P | As |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1# | 1.043 | 0.16 | 0.42 | 0.19 | 0.0000 | 0.0011 | 0.0019 | 0.0047 | 0.0079 | 0.0046 |
2# | 1.049 | 0.16 | 0.41 | 0.18 | 0.0136 | 0.0012 | 0.0017 | 0.0037 | 0.0071 | 0.0022 |
3# | 1.045 | 0.16 | 0.42 | 0.19 | 0.0277 | 0.0011 | 0.0013 | 0.0031 | 0.0074 | 0.0021 |
4# | 1.042 | 0.16 | 0.42 | 0.19 | 0.0389 | 0.0009 | 0.0009 | 0.0022 | 0.0072 | 0.0021 |
5# | 1.043 | 0.17 | 0.42 | 0.19 | 0.0676 | 0.0008 | 0.0008 | 0.0018 | 0.0068 | 0.0020 |
C | Si | Mn | O | Cr | Al | Ce | P | S | Mg | N | As | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | 0.14 | 0.08 | −0.012 | −0.34 | −0.024 | 0.043 | −0.0026 | 0.051 | 0.046 | −0.07 | 0.11 | 0.043 |
O | −0.45 | −0.131 | −0.021 | −0.2 | −0.04 | −3.9 | −0.57 | −0.07 | −0.133 | −300 | 0.057 | - |
Al | 0.091 | 0.0056 | 0.012 | −6.6 | 0.025 | 0.045 | −0.043 | 0.05 | 0.03 | −0.13 | −0.053 | - |
Ce | −0.077 | - | 0.13 | −5.03 | - | −2.25 | −0.003 | 1.746 | −39.8 | - | - | - |
P | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0 | 0.13 | - | 0.037 | - | 0.062 | 0.028 | - | 0.094 | - |
S | 0.11 | 0.063 | −0.026 | −0.27 | - | −0.035 | −0.231 | 0.029 | −0.028 | −1.82 | 0.01 | 0.0041 |
As | 0.25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
i | Al | C | O | Ce | S | P | As |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fi | 1.23 | 1.41 | 0.30 | 0.71 | 1.29 | 1.41 | 1.82 |
Reaction | ΔGθ, J·mol−1 |
---|---|
[Ce] + [N] = CeN(s) | −172,890 + 81.09T |
[Ce] + 2[C] = CeC2(s) | −131,000 + 121.40T |
[Ce] + [P] = CeP(s) | −215,534 + 157.74T |
[Ce] + [As] = CeAs(s) | −302,040 + 237.2T |
[Ce] + 2[O] = CeO2(s) | −852,720 + 249.96T |
[Ce] + 3/2[O] = 1/2Ce2O3(s) | −714,380 + 179.74T |
[Ce] + [O] + 1/2[S] = 1/2Ce2O2S(s) | −675,700 + 165.50T |
[Ce] + [S] = CeS(s) | −422,100 + 120.38T |
[Ce] + 3/2[S] = 1/2Ce2S3(s) | −536,420 + 163.86T |
[Ce] + 4/3[S] = 1/3Ce3S4(s) | −497,670 + 146.30T |
[Ce] + 3/2[C] = 1/2Ce2C3(s) | −112,000 + 102.90T |
[Ce] + 3[O] + [Al] = CeAlO3(s) | −1,366,460 + 364.3T |
[Ce] + Al2O3(s) = CeAlO3(s) + [Al] | −423,900 − 247.30T |
Cerium Content/% | Typical Inclusions | |
---|---|---|
0% (1#) | | |
| | |
0.0136% (2#) and 0.0277% (3#) | | |
0.0389% (4#) and 0.0277% (5#) | | |
| |
Element | k | DS/(m2·s−1) |
---|---|---|
C | 0.34 | 7.61 × 10−6exp(−134,557/RT) |
Si | 0.52 | 3 × 10−5exp(−251,458/RT) |
Mn | 0.78 | 5.5 × 10−6exp(−249,366/RT) |
P | 0.13 | 1.0 × 10−6exp(−182,841/RT) |
S | 0.035 | 2.4 × 10−4exp(−214,639/RT) |
O | 0.022 | 3.71 × 10−6exp(−23,050/RT) |
Ce | 0.05 | 1 × 10−20 |
As | 0.33 | 58 × 10−6exp(−58,900/RT) |
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Li, Y.; Sun, M.; Jiang, Z.; Chen, C.; Chen, K.; Huang, X.; Sun, S.; Li, H. Inclusion Modification in C104Cr Saw Wire Steel with Different Cerium Content. Metals 2019, 9, 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010054
Li Y, Sun M, Jiang Z, Chen C, Chen K, Huang X, Sun S, Li H. Inclusion Modification in C104Cr Saw Wire Steel with Different Cerium Content. Metals. 2019; 9(1):54. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010054
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yang, Meng Sun, Zhouhua Jiang, Changyong Chen, Kui Chen, Xinfeng Huang, Shen Sun, and Huabing Li. 2019. "Inclusion Modification in C104Cr Saw Wire Steel with Different Cerium Content" Metals 9, no. 1: 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010054
APA StyleLi, Y., Sun, M., Jiang, Z., Chen, C., Chen, K., Huang, X., Sun, S., & Li, H. (2019). Inclusion Modification in C104Cr Saw Wire Steel with Different Cerium Content. Metals, 9(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010054