A Correlation between the Ultimate Shear Stress and the Thickness Affected by Intermetallic Compounds in Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy–Stainless Steel Joints
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Experimental Results
4. Discussion—Correlation between Ultimate Shear Strength, Heat Input, and IMC Depth
5. Conclusions
- Rich-FeAl3 compound was the only intermetallic detected along the weld interface independent of the FSW parameters.
- IMC growth mechanisms are linked to the heat input coefficient Q* with three distinct stages of formation which influence the mechanical behavior of the interface.
- For an optimal thickness of about 15 µm inside the stainless steel, rich-FeAl3 IMCs are present under the form of thin compact layers ensuring a good chemical cohesion of the weld. High values of the mechanical resistance of the weld are reported (130 MPa of shear strength as optimum value) in these optimal conditions.
- For higher values of the IMC thickness, ultimate shear stress dramatically decreases up to a minimal value of 80 MPa on average, and numerous cracks are depicted along the interface. The cohesion of the weld is only ensured by the existence of cold lap defects which act as mechanical anchors between the two samples.
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Aluminum 5083 (Al Balance) | |||||||
Mg | Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Cr | Zn | Ti |
4.0–4.9 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.05–0.25 | 0.20 | 0.15 |
Stainless Steel 316L (Fe Balance) | |||||||
C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | - | - |
0.025 | 0.40 | 1.20 | 16.80 | 10.10 | 2.10 | - | - |
Aluminum | Tool | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
kAl | ρAl | CPAl | σY80 | kT | ρT | CPT |
(W‧m−1‧K−1) | (g‧cm−3) | (J‧K−1‧kg−1) | (MPa) | (W‧m−1‧K−1) | (g‧cm−3) | (J‧K−1‧kg−1) |
117 | 2.66 | 900 | 7.5 | 110 | 13.30 | 203 |
Q* | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.86 | 2.52 | 3.37 | 48.01 | 23.94 | 56.36 | 64.11 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
τmax (MPa) | 95 ± 20 | 127 ± 12 | 106 ± 25 | 130 ± 12 | 92 ± 7 | 83 ± 3 | 70 ± 4 | 62 ± 15 | 124 ± 4 |
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Picot, F.; Gueydan, A.; Martinez, M.; Moisy, F.; Hug, E. A Correlation between the Ultimate Shear Stress and the Thickness Affected by Intermetallic Compounds in Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy–Stainless Steel Joints. Metals 2018, 8, 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8030179
Picot F, Gueydan A, Martinez M, Moisy F, Hug E. A Correlation between the Ultimate Shear Stress and the Thickness Affected by Intermetallic Compounds in Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy–Stainless Steel Joints. Metals. 2018; 8(3):179. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8030179
Chicago/Turabian StylePicot, Florent, Antoine Gueydan, Mayerling Martinez, Florent Moisy, and Eric Hug. 2018. "A Correlation between the Ultimate Shear Stress and the Thickness Affected by Intermetallic Compounds in Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy–Stainless Steel Joints" Metals 8, no. 3: 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8030179