Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti5553 Butt Welds Performed by LBW under Conduction Regime
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructure and Shape of Welds
3.2. Microhardness
3.3. Tensile Test and Fracture Surface Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Donachie, M.J. Titanium—A Technical Guide, 2nd ed.; ASM International: Geauga County, OH, USA, 2000; p. 70. [Google Scholar]
- Becker, D.W.; Baeslack, W.A., III. Property-microstructure relationships in metastable-beta titanium alloy weldments. Weld. J. Res. Suppl. 1980, 59, 85–92. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, P.S.; Hou, K.H.; Baeslack, W.A., III; Hurley, J. Laser Welding of an Oxidation Resistant Metastable-Beta Titanium Alloy—Beta-21S. In The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society in Titanium—World Conference, Titanium ’92; Froes, F.H., Caplan, I., Eds.; TMS: Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 1993; p. 1477. [Google Scholar]
- Baeslack, W.A., III; Liu, P.S.; Barbis, D.P.; Schley, J.R.; Wood, J.R. Postweld Heat Treatment of GTA Welds in a High-Strength Metastable Titanium Alloy—Beta-CTM. In The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society in Titanium—World Conference, Titanium ’92: Science and Technology; Froes, F.H., Caplan, I., Eds.; TMS: Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 1993; pp. 1469–1476. [Google Scholar]
- Bettaieb, M.B.; Lenain, A.; Habraken, A.M. Static and fatigue characterization of the Ti5553 titanium alloy. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 2012, 36, 401–415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lütjering, G.; Williams, J.C. Titanium, 2nd ed.; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2003; p. 330. [Google Scholar]
- Huang, J.; Wang, Z.; Zhou, J. Cyclic Deformation Response of β-Annealed Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr Alloy under Compressive Loading Conditions. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2011, 42, 2868–2880. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fanning, J.C.; Boyer, R.R. Properties of TIMETAL 555—A New Near- Beta Alloy for Airframe Components. In Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Titanium, Hamburg, Germany, 13–18 July 2003; Volume 4, pp. 2643–2650. [Google Scholar]
- Leyens, C.; Peters, M. (Eds.) Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications; Willey-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2003; Available online: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/3527602119 (accessed on 16 June 2017).
- Cao, X.; Kabir, A.S.H.; Wanjara, P.; Gholipour, J.; Birur, A.; Cuddy, J.; Medraj, M. Global and Local Mechanical Properties of Autogenously Laser Welded Ti-6Al-4V. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2014, 45A, 1258–1272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gouret, N.; Dour, G.; Miguet, B.; Ollivier, E.; Fortunier, R. Assessment of the Origin of Porosity in Electron-Beam-Welded TA6V Plates. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2004, 35A, 879–889. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, J.; Ventzke, V.; Staron, P.; Schell, N.; Kashaev, N.; Huber, N. Effect of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Beam Welded TiAl-based Alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2014, 45A, 16–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sánchez-Amaya, J.M.; Amaya-Vázquez, M.R.; Botana, F.J. Laser welding of light metal alloys. In Handbook of Laser Welding Technologies; Katayama, S., Ed.; Elsevier: Cambridge, UK, 2013; Chapter 8; pp. 215–254. [Google Scholar]
- Quintino, L.; Assuncao, E. Conduction Laser Welding. In Handbook of Laser Welding Technologies; Katayama, S., Ed.; Elsevier: Cambridge, UK, 2013; Chapter 6; pp. 139–162. [Google Scholar]
- Duley, W.W. Laser Welding; John Wiley and Sons: New York, NY, USA, 1999; 264p. [Google Scholar]
- Jin, X.; Zeng, L.; Cheng, Y. Direct observation of keyhole plasma characteristics in deep penetration laser welding of aluminum alloy 6016. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2012, 45, 245205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sibillano, T.; Ancona, A.; Berardi, V.; Schingaro, E.; Basile, G.; Lugarà, P.M. Optical detection of conduction/keyhole mode transition in laser welding. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2007, 191, 364–367. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pang, S.; Chen, W.; Wang, W. A Quantitative Model of Keyhole Instability Induced Porosity in Laser Welding of Titanium Alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2014, 45A, 2808–2818. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Okon, P.; Dearden, G.; Watkins, K.; Sharp, M.; French, P. Laser welding of aluminium alloy 5083. In Proceedings of the 21st International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, 14–17 October 2002. [Google Scholar]
- Kabir, A.S.H.; Cao, X.; Gholipour, J.; Wanjara, P.; Cuddy, J.; Birur, A.; Medraj, M. Effect of postweld heat treatment on microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of laser-welded Ti-6Al-4V. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2012, 43A, 4171–4184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sánchez-Amaya, J.M.; Delgado, T.; De Damborenea, J.J.; López, V.; Botana, F.J. Laser welding of AA 5083 samples by high power diode laser. Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 2009, 14, 78–86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cao, X.; Wallace, W.; Poon, C.; Immarigeon, J.P. Research and progress in laser welding of wrought aluminum alloys. I. Laser welding processes. Mater. Manuf. Process. 2003, 18, 1–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sánchez-Amaya, J.M.; Boukha, Z.; Amaya-Vázquez, M.R.; Botana, F.J. Weldability of aluminum alloys with high-power diode laser. Weld. J. 2012, 91, 155–161. [Google Scholar]
- Cho, J.H.; Farson, D.F.; Milewski, J.O.; Hollis, K.J. Weld pool flows during initial stages of keyhole formation in laser welding. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2009, 42, 175502. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Du, H.; Hu, L.; Liu, J.; Hu, X. A study on the metal flow in full penetration laser beam welding for titanium alloy. Comput. Mater. Sci. 2004, 29, 419–427. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Churiaque, C.; Amaya-Vazquez, M.R.; Botana, F.J.; Sánchez-Amaya, J.M. FEM Simulation and Experimental Validation of LBW under Conduction Regime of Ti6Al4V Alloy. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 2016, 25, 3260–3269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sánchez-Amaya, J.M.; Amaya-Vázquez, M.R.; Gonzalez-Rovira, L.; Botana-Galvin, M.; Botana, F.J. Influence of Surface pre-treatments on laser welding of Ti6Al4V alloy. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 2014, 23, 1568–1575. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Amaya-Vázquez, M.R.; Sánchez-Amaya, J.M.; Boukha, Z.; Botana, F.J. Microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of remelted TIG2 and Ti6Al4V by a high power diode laser. Corros. Sci. 2012, 56, 36–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lisiecki, A. Titanium Matrix Composite Ti/TiN Produced by Diode Laser Gas Nitriding. Metals 2015, 5, 54–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Silva, D.P.; Churiaque, C.; Bastos, I.N.; Sánchez-Amaya, J.M. Tribocorrosion Study of Ordinary and Laser-Melted Ti6Al4V Alloy. Metals 2016, 6, 253. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Astarita, A.; Rubino, F.; Carlone, P.; Ruggiero, A.; Leone, C.; Genna, S.; Merola, M.; Squillace, A. On the Improvement of AA2024 Wear Properties through the Deposition of a Cold-Sprayed Titanium Coating. Metals 2016, 6, 185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pasang, T.; Sánchez-Amaya, J.M.; Tao, Y.; Amaya-Vazquez, M.R.; Botana, F.J.; Sabol, J.C.; Misiolek, W.Z.; Kamiya, O. Comparison of Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr Welds Performed by Laser Beam, Electron Beam and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding. Procedia Eng. 2013, 63, 397–404. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bania, P.J. Beta Titanium Alloys in the 1990’s; Eylon, D., Boyer, R.R., Koss, D.A., Eds.; TMS: Warrendale, PA, USA, 1993; pp. 3–14. [Google Scholar]
- Shariff, T.; Cao, X.; Chromik, R.R.; Baradari, J.G.; Wanjara, P.; Cuddy, J.; Birur, A. Laser welding of Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr. Can. Metall. Q. 2011, 50, 263–272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Caiazzo, F.; Alfieri, V.; Corrado, G.; Argenio, P.; Barbieri, G.; Acerra, F.; Innaro, V. Laser Beam Welding of a Ti-6Al-4V Support Flange for Buy-to-Fly Reduction. Metals 2017, 7, 183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mitchell, R.; Short, A.; Pasang, T.; Littlefair, G. Characteristics of Electron Beam Welded Ti and Ti Alloys. Adv. Mater. Res. 2011, 275, 81–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sabol, J.C.; Pasang, T.; Misiolek, W.Z.; Williams, J.C. Localized tensile strain distribution and metallurgy of electron beam welded Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr titanium alloys. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2012, 212, 2380–2385. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Material | O | N | Al | V | Mo | Cr | Fe | Ti |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ti5553 | 0.14 | <0.01 | 5.03 | 5.10 | 5.06 | 2.64 | 0.38 | Bal. |
Conditions | Width of FZ (mm) | Width of HAZ (mm) | Grain Size of HAZ (µm) |
---|---|---|---|
LBW-CR (HPDL) | 4.9 | 1.3 | 350 |
GTAW [32] | 5.4 | 3.0 | 600 |
LBW-KR (Nd:YAG) [32] | 2.6 | 0.8 | 200 |
EBW [32] | 1.7 | 0.8 | 200 |
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Sánchez-Amaya, J.M.; Pasang, T.; Amaya-Vazquez, M.R.; Lopez-Castro, J.D.D.; Churiaque, C.; Tao, Y.; Botana Pedemonte, F.J. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti5553 Butt Welds Performed by LBW under Conduction Regime. Metals 2017, 7, 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7070269
Sánchez-Amaya JM, Pasang T, Amaya-Vazquez MR, Lopez-Castro JDD, Churiaque C, Tao Y, Botana Pedemonte FJ. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti5553 Butt Welds Performed by LBW under Conduction Regime. Metals. 2017; 7(7):269. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7070269
Chicago/Turabian StyleSánchez-Amaya, Jose Maria, Timotius Pasang, Margarita Raquel Amaya-Vazquez, Juan De Dios Lopez-Castro, Cristina Churiaque, Yuan Tao, and Francisco Javier Botana Pedemonte. 2017. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti5553 Butt Welds Performed by LBW under Conduction Regime" Metals 7, no. 7: 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7070269