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Metals
Volume 15
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10.3390/met15080870
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Effect of Calcium Sulfate and Silica Gel on Vanadium Leaching Characteristics from Vanadium Titanomagnetite via Calcification Roasting–Sulfuric Acid Leaching: Formation Mechanism and Process Enhancement

by
Jianli Chen
1,2,†,
Yu Zheng
1,†,
Benliu He
1,2,
Shuzhong Chen
2,
Shuai Wang
1,
Feng Chen
1,
Shiyuan Cui
2,
Jing Liu
2,
Lingzhi Yang
1,
Yufeng Guo
1,* and
Guanzhou Qiu
1
1
School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2
LB Group Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo 454000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Metals 2025, 15(8), 870; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15080870 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 2 July 2025 / Revised: 29 July 2025 / Accepted: 1 August 2025 / Published: 3 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Extractive Metallurgy)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Compared with vanadium extraction by sodium roasting followed by water leaching, the calcification roasting–sulfuric acid leaching method is considered a promising approach for the comprehensive utilization of vanadium titanomagnetite, as it avoids the introduction of alkali metals. However, during vanadium extraction by sulfuric acid heap leaching, the diffusion of leaching reagents and leaching products was hindered by the deposition of leaching solid products. To address this issue, this study systematically investigated the leaching kinetics and the mechanisms underlying the deposition of leaching solid products. The results indicated that vanadium leaching was governed by a combination of liquid film diffusion and internal diffusion through solid-phase products during days 0–2, and by internal diffusion alone from day 2 to day 9. The primary solid products formed during leaching were calcium sulfate and silica gel. Calcium sulfate precipitated and grew within the pore via two-dimensional nucleation, while silicates formed silica gel through dehydration. By optimizing the sulfuric acid leaching conditions—specifically, maintaining an H+ concentration of 2 mol/L, a leaching temperature of 40 °C, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5:1—the formation of calcium sulfate and silica gel was effectively suppressed. Under these conditions, the vanadium leaching efficiency reached 75.82%.
Keywords: vanadium extracting; calcification roasting; sulfuric acid leaching; calcium sulfate growth; silica sol agglomeration vanadium extracting; calcification roasting; sulfuric acid leaching; calcium sulfate growth; silica sol agglomeration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, J.; Zheng, Y.; He, B.; Chen, S.; Wang, S.; Chen, F.; Cui, S.; Liu, J.; Yang, L.; Guo, Y.; et al. Effect of Calcium Sulfate and Silica Gel on Vanadium Leaching Characteristics from Vanadium Titanomagnetite via Calcification Roasting–Sulfuric Acid Leaching: Formation Mechanism and Process Enhancement. Metals 2025, 15, 870. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15080870

AMA Style

Chen J, Zheng Y, He B, Chen S, Wang S, Chen F, Cui S, Liu J, Yang L, Guo Y, et al. Effect of Calcium Sulfate and Silica Gel on Vanadium Leaching Characteristics from Vanadium Titanomagnetite via Calcification Roasting–Sulfuric Acid Leaching: Formation Mechanism and Process Enhancement. Metals. 2025; 15(8):870. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15080870

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Jianli, Yu Zheng, Benliu He, Shuzhong Chen, Shuai Wang, Feng Chen, Shiyuan Cui, Jing Liu, Lingzhi Yang, Yufeng Guo, and et al. 2025. "Effect of Calcium Sulfate and Silica Gel on Vanadium Leaching Characteristics from Vanadium Titanomagnetite via Calcification Roasting–Sulfuric Acid Leaching: Formation Mechanism and Process Enhancement" Metals 15, no. 8: 870. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15080870

APA Style

Chen, J., Zheng, Y., He, B., Chen, S., Wang, S., Chen, F., Cui, S., Liu, J., Yang, L., Guo, Y., & Qiu, G. (2025). Effect of Calcium Sulfate and Silica Gel on Vanadium Leaching Characteristics from Vanadium Titanomagnetite via Calcification Roasting–Sulfuric Acid Leaching: Formation Mechanism and Process Enhancement. Metals, 15(8), 870. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15080870

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