Effects of Partial Replacement of Si by Al on Cold Formability in Two Groups of Low-Carbon Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel Sheet: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Microstructure and Retained Austenite Characteristics
2.1. C-Si-Mn steel
2.2. C-Si/Al-Mn Steel
3. Tensile Properties
3.1. C-Si-Mn Steel
3.2. C-Si/Al-MnSsteel
4. Stretch formability
4.1. C-Si-Mn Steel
4.2. C-Si/Al-Mn Steel
5. Stretch-Flangeability
5.1. C-Si-Mn Steel
5.2. C-Si/Al-Mn Steel
6. Bendability
6.1. C-Si-Mn Steel
6.2. C-Si/Al-Mn Steel
7. Summary and Perspectives
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
AHSS | advanced high-strength steel | TRIP | transformation-induced plasticity |
TWIP | twin-induced plasticity | HMn TWIP | high Mn TWIP |
Aus. | austenitic | TBF | TRIP-aided bainitic ferrite |
Q&P | quenching and partitioning | CFB | carbide-free bainite |
D-MMn | duplex type medium Mn | L-MMn | laminate type medium Mn |
BF-MMn | bainitic ferrite type medium Mn | Q&P-MMn | Q&P type medium Mn |
TM | TRIP-aided martensite | M-MMn | martensite type medium Mn |
TPF | TRIP-aided polygonal ferrite | TAM | TRIP-aided annealed martensite |
DP | dual-phase | CP | complex phase |
Q&T | quenching and tempering | DQ&P | direct quenching and partitioning |
IT | isothermal transformation | Ms | martensite-start temperature |
Mf | martensite-finish temperature | TIT | isothermal transformation temperature |
TQ | quenching temperature | TP | partitioning temperature |
T0 | critical temperature at which austenite and martensite have the same chemical free energy | ||
γR | retained austenite | αbf | bainitic ferrite |
αm | primary coarse soft martensite | αm* | secondary fine hard martensite |
MA | MA (αm*+γR) phase | θ | carbide |
fγ0 | initial volume fraction of γR | fγ | volume fraction of γR |
fαbf | bainitic ferrite fraction | fαm | primary martensite fraction |
fαm* | secondary martensite fraction | fMA | MA phase fraction |
fαm’ | fαbf + fαm* | fθ | carbide fraction |
Cγ0 | initial carbon concentration of γR | ε | plastic strain |
ΔGα’γ | chemical free energy change for transformation of γ to α | Gα’ | chemical free energy of ferrite (martensite) |
Gγ | chemical free energy of austenite | k | strain-induced transformation factor |
k1 | modified k-value | SFE | stacking fault energy |
σ | flow stress of steel | σM | flow stress of matrix |
Δσh | strain hardening increment | Δσi | long-range internal stress |
Δσt | transformation hardening | Δσf | forest dislocation hardening |
ν | Poisson’s ratio | μ | Shear modulus |
f | volume fraction of second phase | εpu | eigenstrain |
Δfαm | strain-induced martensite fraction | ζ | material constant |
b | Burgers vector | r | particle radius of second phase |
YS | yield stress | TS, UTS | tensile strength |
UEl | uniform elongation | TEl, TE | total elongation |
RA | reduction of area | TS×TEl | product of TS and TEl |
Hmax | maximum stretch height | TS×Hmax | product of TS and Hmax |
HER | hole expansion ratio | TS×HER | product of TS and HER |
ss/t | shear section length to sheet thickness | Rmin | minimum bending radius |
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Gen. | Steel | Chemical Composition | Property | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st Gen. | TPF | 0.25C-1.28Si-1.67Mn-0.03Al, 0.18C-0.02Si-1.56Mn-1.73Al | 1 | [70] |
0.21C-2.10Si-1.52Mn-0.022Al, 0.22C-0.01Si-1.49Mn-2.02Al | 1, 2 | [71] | ||
0.21C-2.10Si-1.52Mn-0.022Al, 0.22C-0.01Si-1.49Mn-2.02Al | 1, 2, 4 | [72] | ||
0.19C-1.46Si-1.57Mn-0.06Al, 0.31C-0.34Si-1.57Mn-1.23Al | 1, 2 | [73] | ||
(0.14-0.21)C-(0.34-1.47)Si-1.5Mn-(0.03-0.99)Al | 1, 2 | [74] | ||
0.20C-(0.49-1.54)Si-1.5Mn-(0.04-0.99)Al | 1, 2, 4, 5 | [75] | ||
(0.19-0.25)C-(0.09-1.45)Si-1.7Mn-(0.03-1.49)Al | 1 | [76] | ||
0.20C-1.87Si-1.99Mn-(0.04-2.0)Al | 1 | [77] | ||
0.20C-(0.49-1.50)Si-1.5Mn-(0.04-0.99)Al | 1, 2, 4 | [78] | ||
TAM | 0.20C-(0.49-1.54)Si-1.5Mn-(0.04-0.99)Al | 1, 2, 4, 5 | [75] | |
0.20C-(0.48-1.50)Si-1.5Mn-(0.04-0.99)Al | 1, 2, 4 | [78] | ||
3rd Gen. | TBF | 0.20C-(0.49-1.54)Si-(1.48-1.51)Mn-(0.04-0.99)Al-(0-0.05)Nb-(0-0.20)Mo | 1, 2, 4 | [12] |
0.20C-(0.49-1.51)Si-(1.51-2.51)Mn-(0.04-0.99)Al | 1, 2 | [13] | ||
0.20C-(0.99-1.54)Si-1.5Mn-(0.04-0.49)Al-(0-0.05)Nb | 1, 2, 4 | [14] | ||
Q&P | 0.24C-1.45Si-1.61Mn-0.30Al, 0.25C-0.55Si-1.70Mn-0.69Al | 1,2 | [21] | |
0.24C-0.12Si-1.60Mn-1.41Al-0.17Mo | 2 | [22] | ||
0.30C-(0.48-0.99)Si-(1.86-2.00)Mn-(0.01-1.10)Al-(1.01-2.20)Cr | 1 | [24] | ||
CFB | 0.25C-(0.08-1.09)Si-2.07Mn-(0.021-1.54)Al | 1, 2 | [28] | |
0.25C-2.1Mn-(0.02-1.54)Al | 1, 2 | [31] | ||
0.22C-(1.79-1.82)Si-(1.98-2.04)Mn-(0-0.50)Al-1.0Cr-0.23Mo | 1, 2 | [32] | ||
0.2C-1.55Si-2.0Mn, 0.2C-0.77Si-2.0Mn-0.76Al | 1, 2 | [34] | ||
D-MMn | (0.1-0.3)C-(0-1.5)Si-(2-5)Mn-(0-1.5)Al-(0-1.5)Cr | 1 | [38] | |
(0.18-0.19)C-(7.66-7.93)Mn-(0-2.79)Al | 1, 2 | [42] | ||
BF-MMn | 0.18C-0.23Si-3.6Mn-1.7Al-0.2Mo-0.04Nb | 1 | [45] | |
Q&P-MMn | 0.173C-4.46Mn-1.47Si-0.03Al, 0.195C-4.52Mn-0.04Si-1.31Al | 1, 2 | [47] | |
0.2C-1.50Si-4.02Mn-0.02Al, 0.2C-0.08Si-4.04Mn-1.46Al | 1, 2 | [49] | ||
TM | 0.20C-(0.20-1.50)Si-1.24Mn-(0.02-1.22)Al-0.2Cr-(0.003-0.005) Ti-(0.003-0.005)B | 1, 2, 3, 4 | [55] | |
1: microstructure, 2: tensile properties, 3: stretch formability, 4: stretch-flangeability, 5: bendability. |
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Sugimoto, K.-i. Effects of Partial Replacement of Si by Al on Cold Formability in Two Groups of Low-Carbon Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel Sheet: A Review. Metals 2022, 12, 2069. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122069
Sugimoto K-i. Effects of Partial Replacement of Si by Al on Cold Formability in Two Groups of Low-Carbon Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel Sheet: A Review. Metals. 2022; 12(12):2069. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122069
Chicago/Turabian StyleSugimoto, Koh-ichi. 2022. "Effects of Partial Replacement of Si by Al on Cold Formability in Two Groups of Low-Carbon Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel Sheet: A Review" Metals 12, no. 12: 2069. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122069