Structural Phase Transformation of Rail Steel in Compression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Conclusions
- The analysis of the defective substructure evolution of rail steel has revealed that cold hardening has a multi-stage character. Steel deformation is accompanied by a fragmentation of pearlite grains which intensifies as the degree of deformation increases and reaches ≈ 0.4 of the material volume at ε = 50%. With the increase in the degree of deformation, the average size of the fragments of the ferrite plates decreases, from 240 nm at ε = 15% to 200 nm at ε = 50%.
- The fragmentation of cementite plates has been detected. It is established that fragment sizes vary in a range between 15 and 20 nm and depend weakly on the degree of steel deformation. It is found that the failure of cementite plates is proceeded by the mechanisms of their dissolution and cut with mobile dislocations. It is shown that carbon atoms, having gone from the cementite crystal lattice, are carried out to an interplanar space and form the particles of tertiary cementite whose sizes are between 2 to 4 nm.
- A formation of the non-uniform dislocation substructure due to a deceleration of dislocations by cementite particles is revealed in the process of steel deformation. The increase in the degree of deformation is accompanied by a decrease in the scalar and excess dislocation density, which may be caused by the escape of dislocation to low-angle boundaries in addition to their annihilation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mass Fraction of Chemical Elements, % (the Rest is Fe) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | Cu | Ti | Mo | V | Al |
0.73 | 0.75 | 0.58 | 0.012 | 0.007 | 0.42 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.04 | 0.003 |
Dislocation Density, 1010, cm−2 | Degree of Deformation, ε, % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 15 | 30 | 50 | |
〈〉 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.6 |
ρ± | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.3 |
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Aksenova, K.; Gromov, V.; Ivanov, Y.; Qin, R.; Vashchuk, E. Structural Phase Transformation of Rail Steel in Compression. Metals 2022, 12, 1985. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111985
Aksenova K, Gromov V, Ivanov Y, Qin R, Vashchuk E. Structural Phase Transformation of Rail Steel in Compression. Metals. 2022; 12(11):1985. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111985
Chicago/Turabian StyleAksenova, Krestina, Victor Gromov, Yurii Ivanov, Rongshan Qin, and Ekaterina Vashchuk. 2022. "Structural Phase Transformation of Rail Steel in Compression" Metals 12, no. 11: 1985. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111985