Pre-Exercise Whole- or Partial-Body Cryotherapy Exposure to Improve Physical Performance: A Systematic Review

Partridge, Emily M.; Cooke, Julie; McKune, Andrew J.; Pyne, David B.

doi:10.3390/sports9100135

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Pre-Exercise Whole- or Partial-Body Cryotherapy Exposure to Improve Physical Performance: A Systematic Review

Emily M. Partridge

^1,*

Julie Cooke

^1,2,

Andrew J. McKune

^1,2,3

and

David B. Pyne

Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia

Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia

Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editors: Kevin Lamb and Dale Wilson Chapman

Sports 2021, 9(10), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9100135

Received: 31 July 2021 / Revised: 12 September 2021 / Accepted: 27 September 2021 / Published: 30 September 2021

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Abstract

Whole- (WBC) and partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) are commonly used sports medicine modalities for the treatment of injury and exercise recovery. Physiological and perceptual effects have the potential to be utilised in a novel application that involves pre-exercise WBC and PBC exposure to improve physical performance. A systematic literature search of multiple databases was conducted in July 2021 to identify and evaluate the effects of pre-exercise exposure of WBC or PBC on physical performance measures, and any potential translational effects. The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) use of WBC or PBC exposure pre-exercise, (2) use of WBC or PBC in healthy and/or athletic populations, (3) control group was used in the data collection, and (4) investigated physiological, psychosocial or direct physical performance impacts of pre-exercise cryotherapy exposure. A total of 759 titles were identified, with twelve relevant studies satisfying the inclusion criteria after full-text screening. The twelve studies were categorised into three key areas: performance testing (n = 6), oxidative stress response (n = 4) and lysosomal enzyme activity (n = 2). The potential for eliciting favourable physical and physiological responses from pre-exercise WBC or PBC is currently unclear with a paucity of good quality research available. Furthermore, a lack of standardisation of cryotherapy protocols is a current challenge. View Full-Text

Keywords: cooling; physical performance; biomarkers; neuromuscular facilitation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Partridge, E.M.; Cooke, J.; McKune, A.J.; Pyne, D.B. Pre-Exercise Whole- or Partial-Body Cryotherapy Exposure to Improve Physical Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports 2021, 9, 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9100135

AMA Style

Partridge EM, Cooke J, McKune AJ, Pyne DB. Pre-Exercise Whole- or Partial-Body Cryotherapy Exposure to Improve Physical Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports. 2021; 9(10):135. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9100135

Chicago/Turabian Style

Partridge, Emily M., Julie Cooke, Andrew J. McKune, and David B. Pyne. 2021. "Pre-Exercise Whole- or Partial-Body Cryotherapy Exposure to Improve Physical Performance: A Systematic Review" Sports 9, no. 10: 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9100135

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Author Biographies

Emily M. Partridge

Emily is a PhD Candidate at the University of Canberra Research Institute of Sport and Exercise and a Sports Scientist at Rowing Australia. Research expertise in physical performance, preparation strategies, cryotherapy, strength and conditioning, and biomarkers.

Julie Cooke

Dr Julie Cooke is an Associate Professor of Anatomy & Physiology at the University of Canberra. Dr Cooke has held a number of academic positions lecturing Anatomy & Physiology and has 15 years teaching experience at all levels in the tertiary education system and is also experienced in teaching the International Baccalaureate (Biology). She is a member of the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ), Australian & New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science (ANZSRS), Australian Lung Foundation and a Director on the Sports Medicine Australia National Board. Areas of Teaching Dr Cooke currently teaches Regional Anatomy & Physiology, Systemic Anatomy & Physiology and Sports Medicine. Research Interests Julie’s research interests are in respiratory disease and include looking at exercise for the maintenance of lung function post pulmonary rehabilitation and research into COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) such as the use of eccentric exercise in improving quality of life in COPD sufferers.

Andrew J. McKune

Andrew McKune is an Associate Professor in Strength and Conditioning at UC. Prior to taking up this role he held positions in Sport and Exercise Science at Tshwane University of Technology and the University of KwaZulu-Natal. He holds qualifications in sport & exercise science, medical science (physiology), strength and conditioning (CSCS) and a doctoral degree specialising in exercise immunology. Andrew has published papers in scientific journals, has presented at international conferences and has worked with recreational and elite athletes in a sport science capacity. Research Interests Dysfunctions in the stress-response, inflammation and bioenergetic systems in mental illness: Targets for exercise and nutrition interventions? Immune/Inflammatory responses to exercise Monitoring disease, health and adaptation to exercise using non-invasive methods e.g. heart rate variability, salivary biomarkers, Ethylene trace gas deterction, skin autofluorescence Strategies to reduce severity of and enhance recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage Understanding lipolysis in response to exercise and nutrition interventions using the microdialysis technique

David B. Pyne

Professor David Pyne is a sports physiologist with 30 years practical and research experience in sport, exercise and physical activity. Pyne served as an adjunct member of UCRISE in 2014 and 2015 and joined as a full-time Research Professor in 2016. He completed both an undergraduate (Bachelor of Applied Science in Sports Coaching) and graduate (Masters in Exercise Physiology) degree at UC, and a PhD in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Australian National University. He held adjunct status at UC between 1997 and 2016 in sport science. Pyne has a long history of service as a sports physiologist and researcher at the Australian Institute of Sport (1987-2016). Pyne has extensive experience with basketball, rugby union, rugby league, Australian Football, cricket and swimming at the AIS and national levels. He attended four Olympic Games and numerous international competitions with the Australian Swimming Team. Between 2013 and 2018, David served as the Discipline Lead – Physiology for Swimming Australia.

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Pre-Exercise Whole- or Partial-Body Cryotherapy Exposure to Improve Physical Performance: A Systematic Review

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