Association between Subjective Indicators of Recovery Status and Heart Rate Variability among Divison-1 Sprint-Swimmers
1
Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, 11935 Abercorn St., Savannah, GA 31419, USA
2
Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
3
Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
4
The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sports 2018, 6(3), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030093
Received: 22 August 2018
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Revised: 4 September 2018
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Accepted: 7 September 2018
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Published: 11 September 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring Physiological Adaptation to Physical Training)
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological marker of training adaptation among athletes. However, HRV interpretation is challenging when assessed in isolation due to its sensitivity to various training and non-training-related factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between athlete-self report measures of recovery (ASRM) and HRV throughout a preparatory training period. Ultra-short natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) and subjective ratings of sleep quality, fatigue, muscle soreness, stress and mood were acquired daily for 4 weeks among Division-1 sprint-swimmers (n = 17 males). ASRM were converted to z-scores and classified as average (z-score −0.5–0.5), better than average (z-score > 0.5) or worse than average (z-score < −0.5). Linear mixed models were used to evaluate differences in LnRMSSD based on ASRM classifications. LnRMSSD was higher (p < 0.05) when perceived sleep quality, fatigue, stress and mood were better than average versus worse than average. Within-subject correlations revealed that 15 of 17 subjects demonstrated at least one relationship (p < 0.05) between LnRMSSD and ASRM variables. Changes in HRV may be the result of non-training related factors and thus practitioners are encouraged to include subjective measures to facilitate targeted interventions to support training adaptations.
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Keywords:
autonomic; parasympathetic; cardiovascular; sports science; wellness
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MDPI and ACS Style
Flatt, A.A.; Esco, M.R.; Nakamura, F.Y. Association between Subjective Indicators of Recovery Status and Heart Rate Variability among Divison-1 Sprint-Swimmers. Sports 2018, 6, 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030093
AMA Style
Flatt AA, Esco MR, Nakamura FY. Association between Subjective Indicators of Recovery Status and Heart Rate Variability among Divison-1 Sprint-Swimmers. Sports. 2018; 6(3):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030093
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlatt, Andrew A., Michael R. Esco, and Fabio Y. Nakamura. 2018. "Association between Subjective Indicators of Recovery Status and Heart Rate Variability among Divison-1 Sprint-Swimmers" Sports 6, no. 3: 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030093
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