The Acute Effects of Heavy Sled Towing on Acceleration Performance and Sprint Mechanical and Kinematic Characteristics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experimental Condition | Velocity (m/s) | Step Length (m) | Step Rate (Hz) | Contact Time (s) | Flight Time (s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–5 m | Pre | 3.55 ± 0.26 | 1.15 ± 0.08 | 3.11 ± 0.36 | 0.175 ± 0.018 | 0.079 ± 0.010 |
Post | 3.59 ± 0.24 | 1.14 ± 0.07 | 3.15 ± 0.34 | 0.180 ± 0.023 | 0.077 ± 0.011 | |
ES (95% CI) | 0.38 (−0.22–0.96) | −0.06 (−0.63–0.50) | 0.35 (−0.25–0.92) | 0.38 (−0.22–0.96) | −0.30 (−0.87–0.29) | |
5–10 m | Pre | 6.69 ± 0.48 | 1.57 ± 0.08 | 4.28 ± 0.31 | 0.143 ± 0.013 | 0.101 ± 0.009 |
Post | 6.75 ± 0.53 * | 1.57 ± 0.08 | 4.30 ± 0.34 | 0.146 ± 0.015 | 0.102 ± 0.010 | |
ES (95% CI) | 0.71 (0.58–1.33) | 0.18 (−0.40–0.75) | 0.21 (−0.37–0.77) | 0.45 (−0.16–1.03) | 0.09 (−0.48–0.66) | |
10–15 m | Pre | 7.57 ± 0.61 | 1.76 ± 0.09 | 4.31 ± 0.30 | 0.133 ± 0.012 | 0.108 ± 0.006 |
Post | 7.64 ± 0.66 * | 1.77 ± 0.09 | 4.33 ± 0.30 | 0.133 ± 0.013 | 0.108 ± 0.007 | |
ES (95% CI) | 0.98 (0.27–1.65) | 0.19 (−0.39–0.75) | 0.18 (−0.39–0.75) | 0.07 (−0.50–0.64) | −0.03 (−0.59–0.54) | |
15–20 m | Pre | 7.96 ± 0.72 | 1.87 ± 0.10 | 4.27 ± 0.28 | 0.126 ± 0.012 | 0.112 ± 0.006 |
Post | 8.05 ± 0.77 * | 1.87 ± 0.10 | 4.30 ± 0.34 | 0.126 ± 0.013 | 0.113 ± 0.006 | |
ES (95% CI) | 1.06 (0.33–1.76) | 0.17 (−0.41–0.73) | 0.19 (−0.38–0.76) | −0.17 (−0.74–0.40) | 0.18 (−0.40–0.74) | |
20–25 m | Pre | 8.19 ± 0.79 | 1.93 ± 0.11 | 4.25 ± 0.29 | 0.121 ± 0.012 | 0.117 ± 0.006 |
Post | 8.29 ± 0.85 * | 1.94 ± 0.12 | 4.27 ± 0.25 | 0.121 ± 0.013 | 0.117 ± 0.005 | |
ES (95% CI) | 0.83 (0.16–1.48) | 0.30 (−0.29–0.81) | 0.24 (−0.34–0.81) | 0.03 (−0.54–0.60) | −0.02 (−0.55–0.58) | |
25–30 m | Pre | 8.37 ± 0.87 | 1.98 ± 0.12 | 4.20 ± 0.30 | 0.120 ± 0.011 | 0.122 ± 0.007 |
Post | 8.46 ± 0.92 * | 2.00 ± 0.11 | 4.21 ± 0.29 | 0.120 ± 0.014 | 0.122 ± 0.006 | |
ES (95% CI) | 0.84 (0.16–1.49) | 0.43 (−0.18–1.01) | 0.11 (−0.46–0.67) | −0.15 (−0.72–0.42) | −0.11 (−0.67–0.46) |
Control Condition | Velocity (s) | Step Length (m) | Step Rate (Hz) | Contact Time (s) | Flight Time (s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–5 m | Pre | 3.55 ± 0.20 | 1.16 ± 0.08 | 3.08 ± 0.30 | 0.175 ± 0.022 | 0.082 ± 0.010 |
Post | 3.56 ± 0.24 | 1.15 ± 0.09 | 3.12 ± 0.35 | 0.175 ± 0.019 | 0.081 ± 0.011 | |
ES (95% CI) | 0.09 (−0.48–0.65) | 0.17 (−0.73–0.41) | 0.26 (−0.32–0.83) | −0.10 (−0.47–0.67) | −0.20 (−0.77–0.38) | |
5–10 m | Pre | 6.75 ± 0.50 | 1.58 ± 0.09 | 4.27 ± 0.32 | 0.144 ± 0.013 | 0.101 ± 0.011 |
Post | 6.71 ± 0.49 | 1.58 ± 0.09 | 4.25 ± 0.31 | 0.144 ± 0.013 | 0.103 ± 0.011 | |
ES (95% CI) | −0.31 (−0.88–0.28) | 0.02 (−0.55–0.58) | −0.23 (−0.80–0.35) | 0.09 (−0.48–0.65) | 0.30 (−0.29–0.87) | |
10–15 m | Pre | 7.65 ± 0.64 | 1.77 ± 0.10 | 4.32 ± 0.27 | 0.132 ± 0.011 | 0.107 ± 0.007 |
Post | 7.61 ± 0.61 | 1.77 ± 0.09 | 4.29 ± 0.29 | 0.131 ± 0.012 | 0.110 ± 0.007 | |
ES (95% CI) | −0.28 (−0.86–0.30) | 0.11 (−0.47–0.67) | −0.55 (−1.15–0.69) | −0.13 (−0.70–0.44) | 0.59 (−0.04–1.11) | |
15–20 m | Pre | 8.04 ± 0.73 | 1.88 ± 0.11 | 4.27 ± 0.27 | 0.125 ± 0.011 | 0.113 ± 0.005 |
Post | 8.01 ± 0.73 | 1.88 ± 0.12 | 4.25 ± 0.28 | 0.126 ± 0.012 | 0.114 ± 0.007 | |
ES (95% CI) | −0.22 (−0.79–0.28) | 0.08 (−0.49–0.65) | −0.19 (−0.75–0.39) | 0.10 (−0.47–0.66) | 0.25 (−0.33–0.82) | |
20–25 m | Pre | 8.26 ± 0.79 | 1.95 ± 0.11 | 4.24 ± 0.27 | 0.123 ± 0.011 | 0.117 ± 0.005 |
Post | 8.23 ± 0.79 | 1.94 ± 0.11 | 4.24 ± 0.27 | 0.121 ± 0.012 | 0.118 ± 0.006 | |
ES (95% CI) | −0.34 (−0.91–0.25) | −0.20 (−0.77–0.37) | 0.02 (−0.59–0.55) | −0.46 (−1.05–0.14) | 0.03 (−0.54–0.59) | |
25–30 m | Pre | 8.42 ± 0.83 | 2.00 ± 0.10 | 4.20 ± 0.26 | 0.119 ± 0.014 | 0.122 ± 0.006 |
Post | 8.39 ± 0.84 | 2.01 ± 0.13 | 4.17 ± 0.29 | 0.120 ± 0.011 | 0.122 ± 0.007 | |
ES (95% CI) | −0.32 (−0.89–0.27) | 0.05 (−0.52–0.62) | −0.39 (−0.97–0.21) | 0.23 (−0.35–0.80) | 0.24 (−0.34–0.81) |
Mechanical Variables | Experimental Condition | Control Condition | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | ES (95%CI) | Pre | Post | ES (95%CI) | |
F0 (N·kg−1) | 7.51 ± 0.63 | 7.60 ± 0.66 | 0.16 (−0.41–0.73) | 7.72 ± 0.84 | 7.61 ± 0.60 | −0.19 (−0.76–0.38) |
v0 (m·s−1) | 9.02 ± 1.11 | 9.13 ± 1.15 | 0.43 (−0.17–1.01) | 9.07 ± 1.03 | 9.03 ± 1.05 | −0.30 (−0.87–0.29) |
Pmax (W·kg−1) | 17.02 ± 3.01 | 17.47 ± 3.46 | 0.47 (−0.14–1.06) | 17.62 ± 3.51 | 17.30 ± 3.15 | −0.25 (−0.82–0.33) |
SFv (N·s−1/m·kg) | −0.84 ± 0.09 | −0.84 ± 0.07 | 0.29 (−0.54–0.59) | −0.86 ± 0.09 | −0.85 ± 0.06 | 0.13 (−0.44–0.70) |
RFmax (%) | 44.4 ± 3.0 | 44.9 ± 3.6 | 0.43 (−0.17–1.01) | 45.1 ± 3.6 | 44.8 ± 3.2 | −0.23 (−0.80–0.35) |
DRF (%·s·m) | −7.8 ± 0.9 | −7.8 ± 0.7 | 0.09 (−0.48–0.65) | −7.9 ± 0.9 | −7.8 ± 0.7 | 0.15 (−0.42–0.72) |
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Zisi, M.; Stavridis, I.; Agilara, G.-O.; Economou, T.; Paradisis, G. The Acute Effects of Heavy Sled Towing on Acceleration Performance and Sprint Mechanical and Kinematic Characteristics. Sports 2022, 10, 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10050077
Zisi M, Stavridis I, Agilara G-O, Economou T, Paradisis G. The Acute Effects of Heavy Sled Towing on Acceleration Performance and Sprint Mechanical and Kinematic Characteristics. Sports. 2022; 10(5):77. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10050077
Chicago/Turabian StyleZisi, Maria, Ioannis Stavridis, Georgia-Olanemi Agilara, Theodosia Economou, and Giorgos Paradisis. 2022. "The Acute Effects of Heavy Sled Towing on Acceleration Performance and Sprint Mechanical and Kinematic Characteristics" Sports 10, no. 5: 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10050077