Growth Performance, Diet Digestibility, and Chemical Composition of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) Fed Agricultural By-Products
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Diet Preparation
2.2. Insect Rearing and Experimental Design
2.3. Chemical Analysis
2.3.1. Proximate Composition
2.3.2. Uric Acid
2.3.3. Amino Acid Analysis
2.4. Performances and Digestibility Calculation
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Performance and Digestibility
3.2. Chemical Composition of Insects
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredient (g/kg DM) | CON a | 25BB | 50BB | 100BB | 25TP | 50TP | 100TP | 25GP | 50GP | 100GP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bread remains | 861 | 611 | 361 | - | 611 | 361 | - | 611 | 361 | - |
Brewer´s spent grains | 100 | 100 | 100 | - | 100 | 100 | - | 100 | 100 | - |
Supplement b | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 |
Tigernut pulp | - | - | - | - | 250 | 500 | 961 | - | - | - |
Broccoli by-product | 250 | 500 | 961 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Grape pomace | 250 | 500 | 961 | |||||||
Chemical composition (g/kg DM) | ||||||||||
Ash | 22 | 45 | 68 | 115 | 19 | 15 | 9 | 30 | 38 | 54 |
Crude protein | 143 | 160 | 178 | 205 | 123 | 104 | 56 | 138 | 133 | 114 |
Starch | 680 | 484 | 287 | 0 | 530 | 382 | 191 | 484 | 287 | 0 |
Ether extract | 11 | 20 | 30 | 41 | 57 | 102 | 186 | 35 | 60 | 101 |
Neutral detergent fiber | 91 | 125 | 160 | 191 | 214 | 338 | 548 | 196 | 302 | 475 |
Acid detergent fiber | 20 | 56 | 91 | 146 | 79 | 137 | 238 | 105 | 190 | 345 |
Lignin acid detergent | 3.1 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 24 | 44 | 63 | 122 | 240 |
Level of Incorporation (LI) | Type of By-Product (TB) | p-Value | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 25 | 50 | 100 | BB | TP | GP | SEM 1 | LI | TB | LI × TB 2 | |
Cys | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.030 | 0.150 | 0.430 | 0.454 |
Asp | 8.01 | 8.18 | 8.08 | 8.45 | 8.15 | 8.18 | 8.22 | 0.298 | 0.247 | 0.750 | 0.948 |
Ser | 5.26 | 5.23 | 5.49 | 5.28 | 5.26 | 5.35 | 5.32 | 0.115 | 0.290 | 0.855 | 0.994 |
Glu | 9.72 | 12.45 | 12.06 | 12.60 | 12.02 | 11.25 | 11.85 | 0.438 | 0.123 | 0.754 | 0.951 |
Gly | 6.36 | 5.83 | 5.07 | 5.74 | 5.97 | 5.45 | 5.83 | 0.253 | 0.392 | 0.694 | 0.734 |
His | 4.00 | 3.12 | 3.38 | 3.26 | 3.51 | 3.58 | 3.23 | 0.120 | 0.102 | 0.471 | 0.393 |
Arg | 6.91 | 5.92 | 6.51 | 6.11 | 6.48 | 6.53 | 6.08 | 0.154 | 0.165 | 0.450 | 0.591 |
Thr | 4.64 | 4.23 | 4.46 | 4.28 | 4.47 | 4.44 | 4.29 | 0.109 | 0.142 | 0.612 | 0.884 |
Ala | 8.13 | 8.29 | 7.82 | 8.45 | 7.26 b | 8.50 a | 8.76a | 0.186 | 0.676 | 0.014 | 0.024 |
Met | 2.22 | 2.40 | 2.26 | 2.16 | 2.36 | 2.14 | 2.28 | 0.148 | 0.945 | 0.831 | 0.833 |
Pro | 7.04 | 7.82 | 7.42 | 7.43 | 6.81 b | 7.77 a | 7.69 a | 0.112 | 0.166 | 0.008 | 0.522 |
Tyr | 8.72 | 7.30 | 8.08 | 6.78 | 8.07 | 8.02 | 7.07 | 0.475 | 0.515 | 0.639 | 0.524 |
Val | 6.33 | 6.74 | 6.72 | 6.76 | 6.54 | 6.71 | 6.67 | 0.080 | 0.221 | 0.677 | 0.914 |
Lys | 5.16 | 6.17 | 5.81 | 6.40 | 5.93 | 5.50 | 6.23 | 0.222 | 0.270 | 0.426 | 0.603 |
Ile | 4.60 | 4.81 | 4.85 | 4.73 | 4.69 | 4.77 | 4.78 | 0.085 | 0.744 | 0.908 | 0.961 |
Leu | 7.63 | 7.25 | 7.40 | 7.33 | 7.42 | 7.42 | 7.36 | 0.048 | 0.077 | 0.853 | 0.684 |
Phe | 4.75 | 3.51 | 3.82 | 3.49 | 4.17 | 3.99 | 3.51 | 0.179 | 0.091 | 0.333 | 0.507 |
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Montalbán, A.; Martínez-Miró, S.; Schiavone, A.; Madrid, J.; Hernández, F. Growth Performance, Diet Digestibility, and Chemical Composition of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) Fed Agricultural By-Products. Insects 2023, 14, 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14100824
Montalbán A, Martínez-Miró S, Schiavone A, Madrid J, Hernández F. Growth Performance, Diet Digestibility, and Chemical Composition of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) Fed Agricultural By-Products. Insects. 2023; 14(10):824. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14100824
Chicago/Turabian StyleMontalbán, Ana, Silvia Martínez-Miró, Achille Schiavone, Josefa Madrid, and Fuensanta Hernández. 2023. "Growth Performance, Diet Digestibility, and Chemical Composition of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) Fed Agricultural By-Products" Insects 14, no. 10: 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14100824